Perancangan Alat Ukur Kadar Karbon Monoksida (CO), Karbon Dioksida (CO2) dan Hidro Karbon (HC) Pada Gas Buang Kendaraan Bermotor

Abstract

Abstrak - Kendaraan bermotor berbahan bakar bensin menghasilkan emisi gas buang yang mengandung gas-gas polutan dapat merusak lingkungan sekitar, juga mengganggu kesehatan manusia. Dibutuhkan pengukuran kadar polutan gas CO, CO₂, dan HC yang dikeluarkan kendaraan bermotor untuk mengendalikan polutan dari pembakaran bahan bakar kendaraan. Kosentrasi gas diukur dari banyaknya partikel unsur dalam kumpulan gas buang kendaraan. Untuk penanganan dan pengontrolan kadar emisi kendaraan bermotor bensin, dibuatlah alat yang mengukur kadar emisi gas buang kendaraan bermotor gas CO dan HC menggunakan sensor gas TGS-2201, dan untuk gas CO­₂ menggunakan sensor gas MG-811. Kit minimum system ATMega 8535 dipakai sebagai prosesor pengendali alat ukur ini. Alat ukur ditera menggunakan standar alat ukur milik Dinas Perhubungan Manado. Kadar emisi mesin kendaraan 2 tak lebih tinggi dibandingkan kadar emisi mesin kendaraan 4 tak. Kadar tertinggi emisi terukur CO sebesar 0,11%, CO₂ sebesar 5,32%, dan HC sebesar 99ppm. Pengukuran gas-gas polutan CO, CO₂, dan HC cukup cepat sehingga membantu efisiensi waktu operator dalam pengukuran kadar emisi kendaraan.

Kata kunci:         gas buang kendaraan bermotor, gas CO, gas CO₂, gas HC ,sensor gas MG-811, sensor gas TGS-2201.

Abstract - gasoline-fueled vehicles produce exhaust emissions gases containing pollutants that damage the environment, as well as health problems in humans. Measurement of gaseous pollutants CO, CO2, and HC in the exhaust of motor vehicles needed to do for control pollutants from fuel combustion vehicles. Gas concentration was measured from the number of element particles in the exhaust gas vehicles. For controling and handling exhaust emissions of gasoline-fueled vehicle, was invented a tool that can measure the levels of vehicle exhaust emissions for gas CO and HC with gas sensor TGS-2201, and for emission gas CO₂ with gas sensor MG-811. Minimum system kit ATMega 8535using for proccessor controling this invated tool. Measuring tool was build by standart of Transport Department Manado measuring tool of exhaust emissions gases. Emissions of 2 stoke vehicles was higher than emission of 4 stoke vehicles. The higher emission was measured for CO is 0,11%, CO₂ is 5,32%, and HC is 99ppm. Measuring of gaseous pollutants CO, CO2, and HC quick enough to do than efficiency time of operator help to measurement vehicles emissions levels.

Key words:          exhaust vehicle, gas CO, gas CO₂, gas HC , gas sensor MG-811, gas sensor TGS-2201.