Patofisiologi dan Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Hernia Inguinalis pada Anak
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/msj.v5i1.45120Abstract
Inguinal hernia in children is a common surgical problem. Albeit, pathophysiology related to the incidence of inguinal hernias and its predisposing factors are not fully accepted. This study aimed to determine the pathophysiology and the predisposing factors the lead to inguinal hernia in children. This was a literature study using various medical literatures in line with the topic from the ClinicalKey, Pubmed, and Google Scholar databases. The results obtained 11 literatures that fulfilled the criteria. The pathophysiology of inguinal hernia was closely related to the failure of processus vaginalis obliteration and genetic factors related to the formation of connective tissue. Predisposing factors for inguinal hernias included increased intra-abdominal pressure, patent processus vaginalis, low birth weight, gender, prematurity, and syndromes associated with connective tissue disorders. In conclusion, the pathophysiology of hernia inguinalis in children is strongly related to the failure of procesus vaginalis to obliterate and genetic factors in the formation of connective tissues with a variety of predisposing factors.
Keywords: inguinal hernia in children; pathophysiology; risk factors; processus vaginalis; Marfan syndrome
Abstrak: Hernia inguinalis pada anak merupakan suatu kejadian yang umum terjadi pada ranah bedah. Berbagai pendapat mengenai patofisiologi terkait kejadian hernia inguinalis dan faktor predisposisi yang dapat menyebabkan hernia inguinalis pada anak belum disepakati sepenuhnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui patofisiologi terkait kejadian hernia inguinalis pada anak dan faktor predisposisi kejadian ini. Jenis penelitian ialah suatu literature review menggunakan berbagai literatur kedokteran yang sejalan dengan topik dan berasal dari database ClinicalKey, Pubmed, dan Google Scholar. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 11 literatur yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Patofisiologi terjadinya hernia inguinalis erat kaitannya dengan kegagalan penutupan prosesus vaginalis dan juga faktor genetik yang berhubungan dengan pembentukan jaringan ikat. Faktor predisposisi dari hernia inguinalis antara lain peningkatan tekanan intra-abdomen, prosesus vaginalis yang paten, berat badan bayi lahir rendah, jenis kelamin, prematuritas, dan sindrom terkait gangguan jaringan ikat. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah patofisiologi terjadinya hernia inguinalis pada anak erat kaitannya dengan kegagalan penutupan prosesus vaginalis dan faktor genetik dalam pembentukan jaringan ikat dengan faktor predisposisi yang bervariasi.
Kata kunci: hernia inguinalis; anak; patofisiologi; faktor risiko; prosesus vaginalis; sindrom Marfan
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