Karakteristik Covid-19 Varian Delta dan Varian Omicron pada Anak

Authors

  • Manuella K. Sumakul Universitas Sam Ratulangi
  • Novie H. Rampengan Universitas Sam Ratulangi
  • Ronald Rompies Universitas Sam Ratulangi

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35790/msj.v5i1.45270

Abstract

Abstract: To date, COVID-19 has mutated into several types or variants. The variants of this virus, Delta and Omicron, become noticable and spread in all ages including children worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize the characteristics of these two variants in children. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of COVID-19 Delta and Omicron variants in children. This was a literature review study, performed by using PubMed, Google Scholar and ClinicalKey databases. The results obtained 12 literatures about the characteristics of the Delta and Omicron variants in children based on age, sex, clinical manifestations, and hospitalization. The Delta variant was most found in ages >5 years, male, had clinical manifestations of common symptoms associated with impaired olfactory and taste functions, and hospitalization of 2-5 days. Meanwhile, the Omicron variant was most found in ages <5 years, male, clinical manifestations of common symptoms associated with convulsion and wheezing, and hospitalization of 1-2 days. In conclusion, the age, clinical manifestations and hospitalization characteristics of the two variants are different except for sex characteristic.

Keywords: characteristics of pediatric patients; COVID-19; Delta variant; Omicron variant; children

 

Abstrak: COVID-19 telah bermutasi menjadi beberapa jenis atau varian. Varian dari virus ini muncul dan menyebar pada semua kalangan termasuk anak di seluruh dunia; varian tersebut diantaranya varian Delta dan varian Omicron. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik COVID-19 varian Delta dan varian Omicron pada anak. Jenis penelitian ialah literature review. Pencarian literatur dilakukan dengan menggunakan basis data PubMed, Google Scholar dan ClinicalKey. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan, 12 literatur yang meneliti karakteristik COVID-19 varian Delta dan varian Omicron pada anak berdasarkan karakteristik usia, jenis kelamin, manifestasi klinis, dan rawat inap. Varian Delta didapatkan tersering pada usia >5 tahun, jenis kelamin laki-laki, dengan manifestasi klinik berupa gejala umum serta gangguan fungsi indra penciuman dan pengecapan, dan lama rawat inap 2-5 hari. Varian Omicron didapatkan tersering pada usia <5 tahun, jenis kelamin laki-laki, dengan dengan manifestasi klinik berupa gejala umum serta kejang dan mengi, dan lama rawat inap 1-2 hari. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah karakteristik usia, manifestasi klinis dan rawat inap dari kedua varian berbeda kecuali karakteristik jenis kelamin.

Kata kunci: karakteristik pasien anak; COVID-19; varian Delta; varian Omicron

Author Biographies

Manuella K. Sumakul, Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado, Indonesia

Novie H. Rampengan, Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Anak Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi – RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou, Manado, Indonesia

Ronald Rompies, Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Anak Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi – RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou, Manado, Indonesia

References

Hartoyo E, Ariyani R, Fitri L, Nurfahmayati T, Qotrunnada SA, Rahmiati R. Studi deskriptif dan analitik COVID-19 pada anak di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Ulin Banjarmasin. Sari Pediatr. 2022;23(5):290.

Molteni E, Sudre CH, Canas LDS, Bhopal SS, Hughes RC, Chen L, et al. Illness characteristics of COVID-19 in children infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant. Children. 2022;9(5):1–14.

Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia [Internet]. Available from: https://www.kemkes.go.id/

Khemiri H, Ayouni K, Triki H, Haddad-Boubaker S. SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatric population before and during the Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (B.1.1.529) variants era. Virol J [Internet]. 2022;19(1):144. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-022-01873-4

Grehenson G. Kasus Covid pada anak meningkat, prokes anak dan orang tua jadi andalan. Univ Gadjah Mada [Internet]. 2021. Available from: https://www.ugm.ac.id/id/berita/21291-kasus-covid-pada-anak-meningkat-prokes-anak-dan-orang-tua-jadi-andalan

Chow EJ, Englund JA. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections in children. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2022;36(2):435–79. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2022. 01.005

Lee BR, Harrison CJ, Myers AL, Jackson MA, Selvarangan R. Differences in pediatric SARS-CoV-2 symptomology and co-infection rates among COVID-19 pandemic waves. J Clin Virol [Internet]. 2022;154(April):105220. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105220

Shoji K, Akiyama T, Tsuzuki S, Matsunaga N, Asai Y, Suzuki S, et al. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in hospitalized children during the Omicron variant predominant period. J Infect Chemother [Internet]. 2022;28(11):1531–5. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2022.08.004

Satdhabudha A, Chaiyakulsil C, Sritipsukho P, Sinlapamongkolkul P. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of pediatric COVID-19 in the tertiary care system in Thailand : Comparative Delta and pre-Delta Era. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. 2022;14(1):e2022044. Doi: 10.4084/MJHID. 2022.044

Alteri C, Scutari R, Costabile V, Colagrossi L, Yu La Rosa K, Agolini E, et al. Epidemiological characterization of SARS-CoV-2 variants in children over the four COVID-19 waves and correlation with clinical presentation. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2022;12(1):1–12. Available from: https: //doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-14426-0

Shoji K, Akiyama T, Tsuzuki S, Matsunaga N, Asai Y, Suzuki S, et al. Comparison of the clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in children before and after the emergence of Delta variant of concern in Japan. J Infect Chemother [Internet]. 2022;28(4):591–4. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2022.01.009

Li H, Lin H, Chen X, Li H, Li H, Lin S, et al. Unvaccinated children are an important link in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant (B1.617.2): comparative clinical evidence from a recent community surge. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022;12(March):1–10.

Çağlar HT, Pekcan S, Yılmaz Aİ, Ünal G, Akcan ÖM, Ünsaçar MZ, et al. Delta variant effect on the clinical course of adolescent COVID‐19 patients. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2022;58(1):115-21. Doi: 10.1002/ppul.26166

Iijima H, Kubota M, Ogimi C. Clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with COVID-19 between Omicron era vs. pre-Omicron era. J Infect Chemother [Internet]. 2022;28(11):1501–5. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2022.07.016

Cloete J, Kruger A, Masha M, du Plessis NM, Mawela D, Tshukudu M, et al. Paediatric hospitalisations due to COVID-19 during the first SARS-CoV-2 omicron (B.1.1.529) variant wave in South Africa: a multicentre observational study. Lancet Child Adolesc Heal. 2022;6(5):294–302.

Clark M, Walker B, Bennett E, Herrick A, Kenny S, Gent N. Clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection in children under one year. SSRN Electronic Journal. 2022;2019;1(3394):7–20.

Kinikar AA, Vartak S, Dawre R, Valvi C, Kamath P, Sonkawade N. Clinical profile and outcome of hospitalized confirmed cases of Omicron variant of SARS- CoV-2 among children in Pune, India. Cureus. 14(4):e24629. Doi: 10.7759/cureus.24629. 2022;2019(November 2021).

Wang X, Chang H, Tian H, Zhu Y, Li J, Wei Z, et al. Epidemiological and clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children during the outbreak of Omicron variant in Shanghai, March 7–31, 2022. Influenza Other Respi Viruses. 2022;16(6):1059–65.

Ananda D, Harahap IM, Amni R. Perilaku pencegahan covid-19 pada siswa-siswi sekolah dasar. JIM Fkep. 2022;V(4):149–53.

Nguyen MH, Pojani D, Nguyen TC, Ha TT. The impact of Covid-19 on children’s active travel to school in Vietnam. Journal of Transport Geography [Internet]. 2021;96:103191. [cited 2022 Dec 11]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34539100/

Rachmadi T, Agustina R, Waluyo A, Yuliyanto W. Gerakan vaksinasi COVID-19 bagi anak usia 6-11 tahun di Sekolah Dasar Negeri 1 Jogopaten, Buluspesantren. JURPIKAT ((Jurnal Pengabdi Kpd Masyarakat) [Internet]. 2022;3(1):111–25. Available from: http://jurnal.politeknik-kebumen. ac.id/jurpikat/article/view/840/374

Penna C, Mercurio V, Tocchetti CG, Pagliaro P. Sex‐related differences in COVID‐19 lethality. Br J Pharmacol. 2020;177(19):4375-85. Doi: 10.1111/bph.15207.

Sarvasti D. Pengaruh gender dan manifestasi kardiovaskular pada COVID-19. Indonesian Journal of Cardiology. 2020;41(2):125-32. Doi:10.30701/ijc.1004

Chairani I. Dampak pandemi Covid-19 dalam perspektif gender di Indonesia. J Kependud Indones. 2020;2902:39.

American Academy of Pediatrics. COVID-19 Testing Guidance [Internet]. www.aap.org. [cited 2021 Oct 2]. Available from: https://www.aap.org/en/pages/2019-novel-coronavirus-covid-19-infections/ clinical-guidance/covid-19-testing-guidance/

Downloads

Published

2023-06-17

How to Cite

Sumakul, M. K., Rampengan, N. H., & Rompies, R. (2023). Karakteristik Covid-19 Varian Delta dan Varian Omicron pada Anak. Medical Scope Journal, 5(1), 83–91. https://doi.org/10.35790/msj.v5i1.45270