Gambaran Kasus Kematian akibat Keracunan Karbon Monoksida
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/msj.v5i1.45290Abstract
Abstract: Carbon monoxide (CO) is a toxic, odorless and colorless gas produced by incomplete combustion of carbon fuels such as wood, charcoal, and also gasoline products. Sources of carbon monoxide in the home environment include heating systems, cooking utensils, and fireplaces. Many of domestic and occupational poisoning cases were caused by exposure to carbon monoxide due to damaged or defective home appliances. This study aimed to obtain the description of death cases due to CO poisoning. This was a literature review study using three databases namely ClinicalKey, Pubmed, and Google Scholar. The results obtained 11 articles to be reviewed. Postmortem changes were CoHB in the blood, non-specific changes such as cherry red patches or bruises in the skin surface, nails, brain, internal organs and mucous membranes, and changes in the lung namely hypoxia, sub-pleural petechiae, lung edema, and lung stasis. In conclusion, specific postmortem change in CO poisoning is CoHb in the victim blood, meanwhile the non-specific changes are cherry red appearances in the skin and internal organs.
Keywords: carbon monoxide poisoning; COHb; death cases; postmortem changes
Abstrak: Karbon monoksida (CO) adalah gas beracun, tidak berbau, dan tidak berwarna yang dihasilkan melalui pembakaran tidak sempurna bahan bakar karbon seperti kayu, arang, dan juga produk bensin. Sumber-sumber karbon monoksida di lingkungan rumah meliputi sistem pemanas ruangan, alat masak, serta perapian. Banyak kasus keracunan domestik dan pekerjaan diakibatkan paparan karbon monoksida karena alat-alat rumah tersebut yang mengalami kerusakan atau cacat produk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kasus kematian akibat keracunan CO. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah literature review dengan pencarian melalui tiga database yaitu ClinicalKey, Pubmed, dan Google Scholar. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 11 artikel untuk dilakukan analisis. Gambaran postmortem yang dapat muncul ialah kadar CoHB pada kandungan darah korban, dan gambaran nonspesifik berupa bercak atau lebam berwarna merah terang (cherry red) pada permukaan kulit, kuku, otak, organ dalam, dan membran mukus dari korban, serta hipoksia pada paru, petekia sub-pleural, edema paru, dan stasis paru. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah gambaran postmortem spesifik pada keracunan karbonmonoksida meliputi kadar CoHB pada kandungan darah korban sedangkan tanda fisik non spesifik berupa gambaran cherry red pada permukaan kulit dan organ dalam.
Kata kunci: keracunan karbon monoksida; COHb; kasus kematian; perubahan postmortem
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