Perbandingan Sensitivitas dan Spesifisitas Pemeriksaan Mikroskopik dengan Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) Berbasis Histidine Rich Protein-II pada Sampel Darah Penderita Demam
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/msj.v8i2.66774Keywords:
Plasmodium falciparum; pemeriksaan mikroskopik; rapid diagnostic testAbstract
Abstract: Malaria is an infectious disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite, transmitted through the bite of Anopheles mosquitoes, with high incidence in tropical and subtropical regions. Malaria control relies on early diagnosis using methods such as microscopy test or rapid diagnostic test (RDT), which are effective for rapid detection, especially in areas with limited access to healthcare services. This study aimed to compare the sensitivity and specificity of microscopy test with Histidine-Rich Protein II-based RDT in blood samples of fever patients. This was an analytical observational study with a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The data obtained were then processed, organized in a 2x2 table format, and analyzed using the McNemar test. The results showed that the RDT had an effectiveness comparable to the microscopic method as the gold standard in detecting Plasmodium falciparum infection, with high sensitivity and specificity, making RDT a viable diagnostic alternative for malaria patients. In conclusion, the rapid diagnostic test (RDT) method demonstrates good effectiveness and speed in detecting Plasmodium falciparum infection, as well as sufficient accuracy comparable to microscopic examination.
Keywords: Plasmodium falciparum; microscopy test; rapid diagnostic test
Abstrak: Malaria ialah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh parasit Plasmodium, yang ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk Anopheles, dengan kasus tinggi di daerah tropis dan sub tropis. Pengendalian malaria mengandalkan diagnosis dini menggunakan metode seperti mikroskopik atau rapid diagnostic test (RDT), yang efektif untuk deteksi cepat, terutama di wilayah dengan akses layanan kesehatan terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas pemeriksaanmikroskopik dengan RDT berbasis Histidine Rich Protein-II pada sampel darah penderita demam. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik observasional menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain potong lintang. Data yang didapat diolah, disusun, dalam bentuk tabel 2x2 dan dilakukan uji Mcnemar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemeriksaan RDT memiliki efektivitas yang sebanding dengan metode mikroskopik sebagai baku emas dalam mendeteksi infeksi Plasmodium falciparum, dengan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas tinggi, sehingga RDT dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif diagnostik pada penderita malaria. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah metode pemeriksaan rapid diagnostic test (RDT) memiliki efektifitas dan kecepatan yang baik dalam mendeteksi infeksi Plasmodium falciparum serta memiliki keakuratan yang cukup baik seperti pemeriksaan mikroskopik.
Kata kunci: Plasmodium falciparum; pemeriksaan mikroskopik; rapid diagnostic test
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