EFEKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAUN PACAR AIR (Impatiens balsamina L.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Porphyromonas gingivalis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35799/pha.5.2016.13968Abstract
EFEKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAUN PACAR AIR (Impatiens balsamina L.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Porphyromonas gingivalis
Thresia U. Sapara1), Olivia Waworuntu1), Juliatri1)
1) Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Gigi Fakultas Kedokteran UNSRAT Manado, 95115
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ABSTRACT
Chronic Periodontitis is an infection of the periodontal tissue that usually slow. The main cause of this disease periodontitis is Porphyromonas gingivalis which is a Gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria colonize in the mouth tissue. Resistance of Porphyromonas gingivalis against antibiotics allows the use of herbal medicines from natural materials into one of the alternatives in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Garden balsam is one of natural compounds in Indonesia and used as a medicinal herb. The leaves of garden balsam (Impatiens balsamina L.) is believed to have a pharmacological effect, because it contains flavonoids, steroids, saponins, tannins, and quinones as antibacterial. This study aims to determine the antibacterial effect of garden balsam leaves extract in inhibiting Porphyromonas gingivalis growth and how strong the effect of the extract refers on inhibiting zone. This experimental study was done by a modified Kirby-bauer method using sinks. The leaves of garden balsam were taken from Perkamil, Paal Dua Manado then they were extracted with maceration method using 96% ethanol. Porphyromonas gingivalis were taken from a pure stock of Microbiology Laboratory on Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar and cultured in the Pharmacy Laboratory on Faculty of Science Sam Ratulangi University. The results showed an total diameter of inhibition zone of garden balsam leaves extract against Porphyromonas gingivalis is 59,5 mm with average 11,9 mm. In conclusion, the leaves of garden balsam extract have an antibacterial effect in inhibiting Porphyromonas gingivalis. Inhibition zone of garden balsam leaves extract against Porphyromonas gingivalis is 11,9 mm.
Keywords: garden balsam leaves (Impatiens balsamina L.), Porphyromonas gingivalis, antibacterial
ABSTRAK
Periodontitis kronis merupakan infeksi pada jaringan periodontal yang biasanya berjalan lambat. Penyebab utama penyakit periodontitis ini ialah bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis yang merupakan bakteri anaerob Gram negatif dan berkoloni dalam jaringan mulut. Resistennya Porphyromonas gingivalis terhadap obat antibiotik memungkinkan penggunaan obat herbal dari bahan alam menjadi salah satu alternatif dalam perawatan periodontitis kronis. Tanaman pacar air merupakan salah satu bahan alam di Indonesia yang digunakan sebagai obat herbal. Daun pacar air (Impatiens balsamina L.) dipercaya memiliki efek farmakologis, karena mengandung senyawa flavonoid, steroid, saponin, tanin, dan kuinon yang bersifat antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun pacar air dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis serta menilai besar daya hambat ekstrak daun pacar air terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis dilihat dari zona hambatnya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan metode modifikasi Kirby-bauer menggunakan sumuran. Sampel daun pacar air diambil dari daerah Perkamil Kecamatan Paal Dua Manado kemudian diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis diambil dari stok bakteri murni Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Hasanuddin Makasar dan dikultur di Laboratorium Farmasi Fakultas MIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan total diameter zona hambat ekstrak daun pacar air terhadap Porphyromonas gingivalis sebesar 59,5 mm dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 11,9 mm. Berdasarkan penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan ekstrak daun pacar air memiliki efek antibakteri dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Porphyromonas gingivalis. Zona hambat ekstrak daun pacar air terhadap pertumbuhan Porphyromonas gingivalis sebesar 11,9 mm.
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Kata kunci: Daun pacar air (Impatiens balsamina L.), Porphyromonas gingivalis, antibakteri
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