ISOLASI SENYAWA STEROID DARI KUKIT AKAR SENGGUGU (Clerodendrum serratum L.Moon)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35799/pha.6.2017.17119Abstract
ISOLASI SENYAWA STEROID DARI KUKIT AKAR SENGGUGU
(Clerodendrum serratum L.Moon)
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Nasrudin1,2), Wahyono3), Mustofa4) dan Ratna Asmah Susidarti3)
1)Mahasiswa Program Studi S3 Ilmu Farmasi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281;
2)Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara, 93232; 3)Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281; 4)Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281
ABSTRACT
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Steroid is a very important compound in medicine. Its occurence as a secondary metabolite compound which is expected to be the chemical constituent that gives medicinal value to certain plant. Senggugu have been use as medicine for a long time and have been reported to contain steroid. Because of that, this study’s objective is to isolate steroid compounds from Senggugu’s roots bark. Senggugu’s roots bark powder is extracted using fractional maceration using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol to obtain ethyl acetate fraction of senggugu’s roots bark extract. The extract then fractionated further using Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC) with n-hexane–ethyl acetate–methanol gradient eluents to obtain ten fractions. Further purification is performed on fraction D using Gravity Column Chromatography with n-hexane–ethyl acetate gradient eluents producing eight fractions that’s monitored using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Purification that was performed on fraction D7 by recrystallization yielding 17 mg isolate. That isolate then tested for purity and spectroscopic analysis using GC-MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. Isolate N1 spectral data then compared against reference β-sitosterol and stigmasterol followed by TLC analysis on the same system using anisaldehyde as stain marker. Isolation procedure yielding in isolate N1 which is white powder with melting point 138-1410C and chemical formula C29H50O. In accordance to the spectral analysis of isolate N1 and comparison against existing data base, we propose that isolate N1 is Stigmast-7-en-3β-ol which is a new steroid from Clerodendrum serratum that have yet to be reported.
Keywords : Steroid, (3β, 7α, 24S)-Stigmastan-3-ol dan Clerodendrum serratum
ABSTRAK
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Steroid merupakan senyawa penting dalam pengobatan. Keberadaannya sebagai salah satu diantara golongan senyawa metabolit sekunder diharapkan menjadi konstituen kimia yang memberi nilai pengobatan pada suatu tumbuhan. Senggugu telah lama dimanfaatkan sebagai obat secara tradisonal dan dilaporkan mengandung steroid. Karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi senyawa steroid dari kulit akar senggugu. Sebuk kulit akar senggugu diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi bertingkat mulai n-heksan, etil asetat hingga metanol, sehingga diperoleh ekstrak fraksi etil asetat kulit akar senggugu. Ekstrak tersebut kemudian difraksinasi menggunakan KCV (Kromatografi Cair Vakum) eluen n-heksan-etil asetat-metanol secara bergradien, diperoleh sepuluh fraksi. Selanjutnya pada fraksi D dilakukan isolasi senyawa menggunkan KKG (Kromatografi Kolaom Grafitasi) eluen n-heksan-etil asetat secara bergradien pula, dihasilkan delapan fraksi yang dipantau dengan KLT. Pemurnian isolat dilakukan pada fraksi D7 dengan cara rekristalisasi, diperoleh isolat N1 sebanyak 17 mg. Isolat tersebut di uji kemurniannya dan dilakukan analisis spektroskopi GC-MS, 1H-NMR dan 13C-NMR. Data spektra isolat N1 dibandingkan dengan β-sitosterol dan stigmasterol serta dilakukan analisis KLT dalam sistem yang sama dengan penampak noda anisaldehida. Hasil isolasi yang diperoleh adalah isolat N1 berbentuk serbuk putih dengan titik lebur 138-1410C dan rumus molekul C29H50O. Berdasarkan analisis data spektra isolat N1 yang dibandingkan dengan data terdahulu, maka kami mengusulkan bahwa isolat N1 adalah Stigmast-7-en-3β-ol yang merupakan steroid baru dari Clerodendrum serratum yang belum pernah dilaporkan.
Kata Kunci : Steroid, Stigmast-7-en-3β-ol  dan Clerodendrum serratum
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