IDENTIFIKASI DAN ASPEK EKOLOGI KERANG TRIDACNINAE DI PERAIRAN SEKITAR PULAU VENU, KABUPATEN KAIMANA, PROVINSI PAPUA BARAT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35800/jip.1.2.2013.1244Abstract
IDENTIFIKASI DAN ASPEK EKOLOGI KERANG TRIDACNINAE
DI PERAIRAN SEKITAR PULAU VENU, KABUPATEN KAIMANA,
PROVINSI PAPUA BARAT1
Identification and Ecological Aspects of Tridacninae
in the Shallow Waters of Venu Island, District Kaimana, West Papua
Defy N Pada2, Farnis B Boneka3, Gustaf F Mamangkey3
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ABSTRACT
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Giant clams (Bivalvia, Cardiidae) or usually called tridacnid clams are marine organisms that live in the Indo Pacific coral reef ecosystems. Tridacnids are known to have high economic values as food, and their shells can be used for jewelries and decorations. Today, seven tridacnid species were listed in the IUCN Red List. Moreover, all tridacnid species are included in the appendices II of CITES. This research was aimed to identify the numbers of tridacnid species, to describe the ecological aspects through density index, species relative density and biodiversity index, and to assess the effectiveness of conservation effort in Venu Island and the surrounding waters. Survey was conducted in September 2012 at 5 sites, using belt transect method. A 100 m transect was laying in the reef edge in 5 and 10 meter depths. The results showed, there were four species of tridacnids found in this area, Tridacna crocea, T. gigas, T. maxima and T. squamosa. T. crocea has the highest density index and species relative density both in 5 and 10 meter depths (5 m depth K = 0,030; KR = 81,081%; 10 m depth K = 0,021; KR = 41,176%). The waters arround Venu Island were categorized as moderate biodiversity, since the value of biodiversity index is between 1 and 3 (H’=2,239). Most of tridacnids found in this area lived in coral massive (46,6%) and rock substrates (30,7%). The result of interview showed that the conservation efforts are not effective enough.
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Keywords : marine ecology, biodiversity, Tridacnid, Venu Island
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ABSTRAK
Kima raksasa (Bivalvia, Cardiidae) yang biasa disebut dengan kerang Tridacninae adalah organisme laut yang hidup di ekosistem terumbu karang di wilayah Indo-Pasifik. Kerang Tridacninae dikenal memiliki nilai ekonomi yang penting, karena selain sebagai sumber makanan, cangkangnya dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan dekorasi dan perhiasan. Saat ini sebanyak tujuh spesies kerang Tridacninae masuk dalam daftar merah dari International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN redlist for threathened species). Bahkan semua spesies kerang Tridacninae telah masuk dalam Lampiran II dari Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species (CITES). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis kerang Tridacninae di perairan sekitar Pulau Venu Kabupaten Kaimana, untuk mendeskripsikan beberapa aspek
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1 Bagian dari skripsi
2 Mahasiswa Program Studi Ilmu Kelautan FPIK-UNSRAT
3 Staf pengajar Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Sam Ratulangi
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ekologi kerang Tridacninae melalui indeks ekologi yakni kepadatan (K), kepadatan relatif spesies (KR), dan indeks keanekaragaman (H’), serta untuk melihat efektivitas upaya konservasi yang dilakukan di Pulau Venu terutama terhadap keberadaan kerang Tridacninae. Kegiatan penelitian dilakukan pada bulan September 2012, pada 5 stasiun penelitian, dengan menggunakan metode transek sabuk (belt transek), sepanjang 100 meter pada kedalaman 5 meter dan 10 meter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 4 spesies kerang Tridacninae di perairan sekitar Pulau Venu, yaitu T. crocea, T. gigas, T. maxima, dan T. squamosa. Nilai kepadatan dan kepadatan relatif spesies tertinggi di dua kedalaman adalah T. crocea (kedalaman 5 meter K = 0,030; KR = 81,081%; kedalaman 10 meter K = 0,021; KR = 41,176%). Perairan sekitar Pulau Venu berkategori keanekaragaman sedang, karena memiliki nilai indeks keanekaragaman diantara 1 dan 3 (rata-rata H’ = 2,239). Sebagian besar kerang Tridacninae yang ditemukan hidup pada substrat karang masif (46,6%) dan batuan (30,7%). Saat ini upaya konservasi yang dilakukan di perairan sekitar Pulau Venu dirasakan belum cukup efektif.
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Kata kunci : ekologi laut, keanekaragaman, Tridacninae, Pulau Venu
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