Vibriosis In Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35800/jip.v12i2.58876Keywords:
Lates calcarifer, Vibriosis, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio harveyiAbstract
Aquaculture production activities have been experiencing a significant increase. Various economically valuable fish commodities have been developed, including Asian seabass, barramundi, and giant seaperch. Asian seabass farming offers advantages such as relatively fast growth, ease of maintenance, and high tolerance to environmental changes. However, the sustainability of Asian seabass farming faces challenges, including vibriosis infection. This disease can lead to economic losses due to mortality and has been reported in several Asian seabass-producing countries. This review discusses information on the causative agents of vibriosis, clinical symptoms, vibriosis control, and prevention through immunostimulants, prebiotics, and vaccination in Asian seabass. The primary causative agents of vibriosis in Asian seabass include Vibrio anguillarum, V. harveyi, and V. alginolyticus. Clinical symptoms include anorexia, darkening of body coloration, lesions around the anus and fin bases, scale loss and muscle degradation, hemorrhaging throughout the body, particularly at fin bases, ulcers on the operculum, kidney congestion, and liver necrosis. Infections caused by V. anguillarum, V. harveyi, and V. alginolyticus can be effectively managed using medicinal plants, probiotics, and vaccination, which have shown promising results in Asian seabass.
Keywords: Lates calcarifer; Vibriosis; Vibrio alginolyticus; Vibrio anguillarum; Vibrio harveyi.
Abstrak
Produksi kegiatan akuakultur terus mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan. Berbagai komoditas ikan bernilai ekonomi telah dikembangkan salah satunya ikan kakap putih yang juga dikenal sebagai Barramundi, Asian seabass dan Giant seaperch. Budidaya kakap putih memiliki keunggulan, yaitu pertumbuhannya yang relatif cepat, mudah dipelihara dan mempunyai toleransi yang tinggi terhadap perubahan lingkungan. Namun, keberlanjutan budidaya kakap putih tidak terlepas dari berbagai kendala, salah satunya serangan penyakit vibriosis. Penyakit ini dapat mengakibatkan kerugian ekonomi akibat kematian dan telah dilaporkan pada pada beberapa negara produsen kakap putih. Ulasan ini membahas informasi mengenai agen penyebab vibriosis, gejala klinis, pengendalian vibriosis, serta pencegahan melalui pemanfaatan imunostimulan, prebiotik dan vaksinasi pada kakap putih. Agen utama penyebab vibriosis pada kakap putih adalah Vibrio anguillarum, V. harveyi, dan V. alginolyticus. Gejala klinis yang ditimbulkan adalah anoreksia, perubahan warna tubuh menjadi lebih gelap, lesi di sekitar anus dan pangkal sirip, kerontokan pada sisik dan degradasi otot, hemoragi di seluruh tubuh terutama di pangkal sirip, dan ulserasi di bagian operkulum, serta kongesti pada ginjal dan nekrosis pada hati. Infeksi V. anguillarum, V. harveyi, dan V. alginolyticus dapat dikendalikan dengan pemanfaatan tanaman obat, probiotik dan vaksinasi yang telah terbukti pada ikan kakap putih.
Kata kunci: Lates calcarifer; Vibriosis; Vibrio alginolyticus; Vibrio anguillarum; Vibrio harveyi.
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