The Ecological Role and Carbon Sequestration Potential of Mangrove Ecosystems in Sondaken for Climate Change Mitigation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35791/jat.v6i2.64682Keywords:
Mangrove, blue carbon, biomass, zoning, climate change mitigation, SondakenAbstract
Mangrove ecosystems play an important ecological role in maintaining coastal environmental balance and contribute significantly to climate change mitigation through carbon sequestration. This study aims to analyse the vegetation structure, zoning, biomass potential, and carbon storage of the mangrove ecosystem in Sondaken, South Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi, as well as to examine its ecological role in climate change mitigation. Data collection was conducted on ten plots arranged perpendicular to the coastline. The identification results showed that there were ten true mangrove species with a strong dominance of Rhizophora apiculata at all growth levels. The highest Importance Value Index (IVI) was achieved by R. apiculata with 97.83 at the tree level, indicating good adaptability and regeneration.
Mangrove zoning is divided into three main parts, namely the back zone (Avicennia and Bruguiera spp.), the middle zone (Rhizophora apiculata and R. mucronata), and the front zone (Sonneratia alba and Avicennia alba). The average biomass value reached 489.37 tonnes/ha, while the average stored carbon was 230 tonnes/ha, indicating high potential as a blue carbon sink.
Ecologically, the Sondaken mangrove plays an important role in absorbing atmospheric carbon, protecting the coast from abrasion, and providing habitat for various coastal biota. The results of this study confirm that the Sondaken mangrove ecosystem has high strategic value in climate change mitigation and adaptation and needs to be managed sustainably through conservation and rehabilitation based on natural zoning.
References
Alongi, D. M. (2008). Mangrove forests: Resilience, protection from tsunamis, and responses to global climate change. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 76(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2007.08.024
Alongi, D. M. (2012). Carbon sequestration in mangrove forests. Carbon Management, 3(3), 313–322. https://doi.org/10.4155/cmt.12.20
Alongi, D. M. (2014). Carbon cycling and storage in mangrove forests. Annual Review of Marine Science, 6, 195–219. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010213-135020
Alongi, D. M. (2015). The impact of climate change on mangrove forests. Current Climate Change Reports, 1(1), 30–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40641-015-0002-x
Alongi, D. M. (2020). Blue Carbon: Coastal Sequestration for Climate Change Mitigation. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91698-9
Basyuni, M., Ginting, P., & Slamet, B. (2017). Species composition and structure of mangrove forests North Sumatra, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/713/1/012014
Bengen, D. G. (2000). Ekosistem dan sumber daya pesisir dan laut serta pengelolaannya. Pusat Kajian Sumberdaya Pesisir dan Lautan, IPB.
Bouillon, S., et al. (2008), Mangrove production and carbon sinks: A revision of global budget estimates, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 22, GB2013. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GB003052
Donato, D. C., Kauffman, J. B., Murdiyarso, D., et al. (2011). Mangroves among the most carbon-rich forests. Nature Geoscience, 4(5), 293–297. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1123
Feller, I. C., Lovelock, C. E., Berger, U., McKee, K. L., Joye, S. B., & Ball, M. C. (2010). Biocomplexity in mangrove ecosystems. Annual Review of Marine Science, 2, 395–417. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163809
Friess, D. A., et al. (2019). The state of the world’s mangrove forests: Past, present, and future. Annual Review of Environment Resources, 44, 89-115. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-101718-033302
Kathiresan, K., & Bingham, B. L. (2001). Biology of mangroves and mangrove ecosystems. Advances in Marine Biology, 40, 81–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2881(01)40003-4
Kauffman, J. B., Adame, M. F., Arifanti, V. B., et al. (2020). Total ecosystem carbon stocks of mangroves across broad global environmental and physical gradients. Ecological Monographs, 90(2), e01405. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecm.1405
Kauffman, J. B., Heider, C., Norfolk, J., & Payton, F. (2011). Carbon stock and dynamics along an elevation gradient in mangrove forests of Micronesia. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 19, 379–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2018.07.005
Komiyama, A., Ong, J. E., & Poungparn, S. (2008). Allometry, biomass, and productivity of mangrove forests: A review Botany, 89(2), 128–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2007.12.006
Lee, S. Y., Primavera, J. H., Dahdouh-Guebas, F., et al. (2014). Ecological role and services of tropical mangrove ecosystems: A reassessment. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 23(7), 726–743. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12155
Lovelock, C. E., & Reef, R. (2020). Variable impacts of climate change on blue carbon. One Earth, 3(2), 195–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2020.07.010
Mazda, Y., Magi, M., Kogo, M., & Hong, P. N. (2006). Mangroves as a coastal protection from waves in the Tong King delta, Vietnam. Mangroves and Salt Marshes, 1(2), 127–135. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009928003700
Murdiyarso, D., Purbopuspito, J., Kauffman, J. B., et al. (2015). The potential of Indonesian mangrove forests for global climate change mitigation. Nature Climate Change, 5(12), 1089–1092. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2734
Nagelkerken, I., Blaber, S. J. M., Bouillon, S., et al. (2008). The habitat function of mangroves for terrestrial and marine fauna: A review. Aquatic Botany, 89(2), 155–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2007.12.007
Rahman, A., Nihan, K., Kusmana, C., Krisanti, M., Tiryana, T., & Ulumuddin, Y. I. (2025). Key variables for sustainable mangrove ecosystem management based on Scylla spp. in Banten Bay, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 26(5) https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d260543
Sasmito, S. D., Sillanpää, M., Hanggara, B. B., et al. (2020). Mangrove blue carbon stock and dynamics in Southeast Asia: A review. Global Change Biology, 26(7), 4138–4153. doi: 10.1111/gcb.15056
Spalding, M., McIvor, A., Tonneijck, F. H., Tol, S., & van Eijk, P. (2014). Mangroves for coastal defence: Guidelines for coastal managers and policy makers. Wetlands International and The Nature Conservancy.
Taillardat, P., Friess, D. A., & Lupascu, M. (2018). Mangrove blue carbon strategies for climate change mitigation are most effective at the national scale. Biology Letters, 14(10), 20180251. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0251
Tomlinson, P. B. (2016). The Botany of Mangroves (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139946575.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Wawan Nurmawan, Tommy B. Ogie, Marthen T. Lasut
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
