INTEGRATING LOCAL RESIDENT’S PERCEPTION, ATTITUDE, AND SUPPORT OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF SUPER-PRIORITY DESTINATION LIKUPANG
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35794/jmbi.v9i3.43978Abstract
Abstract. Tourism has an impact on the growth of a country. Indonesia has five super priority destination and Likupang is the one of super priority destination of tourism located in North Minahasa. The purpose of this study is to see the relationship between local residents’ perception, attitude and support toward tourism development in Likupang. Through a quantitative survey involving 304 sample, the present study analyzes the relationship among variables using structural equation modelling (SEM) by the help of SmartPLS statistical software. The result of this study found that the local residents perceived benefits and perceived cost positively and significantly effect their attitude toward tourism development. Also, the local residents perceived benefits positively effect their support for tourism development. In contrast, the local residents perceived cost negatively effect their support for tourism development. However, these effects of perceived benefits and costs on support for tourism development turned out to be not significant. Furthermore, the local residents’ attitude toward tourism development has a positive and significant effect on their support toward tourism development. Additionally, the local residents attitude fully mediates the perceived benefit variable and support tourism development. Lastly, the local residents attitude fully mediates the perceived cost and support for tourism development.
Abstrak. Pariwisata memiliki dampak terhadap pertumbuhan suatu negara. Indonesia memiliki lima destinasi super prioritas dan Likupang merupakan salah satu destinasi super prioritas pariwisata yang terletak di Minahasa Utara. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat hubungan antara persepsi, sikap dan dukungan warga setempat terhadap pengembangan pariwisata di Likupang. Melalui survei kuantitatif yang melibatkan 304 sampel, penelitian ini menganalisis hubungan antar variabel menggunakan model persamaan struktural (SEM) dengan bantuan perangkat lunak statistik SmartPLS. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa persepsi manfaat dan biaya yang dirasakan penduduk lokal berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap sikap mereka terhadap pengembangan pariwisata. Selain itu, manfaat yang dirasakan penduduk setempat berdampak positif terhadap dukungan mereka terhadap pengembangan pariwisata. Sebaliknya, penduduk setempat menganggap biaya berdampak negatif terhadap dukungan mereka terhadap pengembangan pariwisata. Namun, efek dari manfaat yang dirasakan dan biaya dukungan untuk pengembangan pariwisata ini ternyata tidak signifikan. Selanjutnya, sikap penduduk lokal terhadap pengembangan pariwisata berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap dukungan mereka terhadap pengembangan pariwisata. Selain itu, sikap warga setempat sepenuhnya memediasi variabel manfaat yang dirasakan dan mendukung pengembangan pariwisata. Terakhir, sikap penduduk setempat sepenuhnya memediasi biaya yang dirasakan dan dukungan untuk pengembangan pariwisata.
References
Abdillah, A. B. Y., Hamid, D., & Topowijono. (2016). Dampak Pengembangan Pariwisata terhadap Kehidupan Masyarakat Lokal di Kawasan Wisata (Studi Pada Masyarakat Sekitar Wisata Wendit, Kabupaten Malang). Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis (JAB), 30(1), 74–78.
Alam, T. (2020). Impact of Tourism on Local Communities: A Case of Nalanda, Bihar. March. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350525357_Impact_of_Tourism_on_Local_Communities_A_Case_of_Nalanda_Bihar
Andereck, K. L., Valentine, K. M., Knopf, R. C., & Vogt, C. A. (2005). Residents’ perceptions of community tourism impacts. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(4), 1056–1076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2005.03.001
Antara, J. (2021). Sederet Wisata Alam Keren di Likupang, Cocok Buat Menyembuhkan Luka Batin : Okezone Travel. Minggu 28 November 2021. https://travel.okezone.com/read/2021/11/28/408/2508565/sederet-wisata-alam-keren-di-likupang-cocok-buat-menyembuhkan-luka-batin?page=1
Archer, B. (1995). IMPORTANCE OF TOURISM FOR THE ECONOMY OF BERMUDA. Annals of Tourism Research, 22(4), 918–930.
Ayu Nirala Marselly. (2021). Likupang Tourism Festival 2021. 2 November 2021. https://parekraf.info/d6/2021/11/02/likupang-tourism-festival-2021/
Baker, D. M. A., & Ramaprasad, U. (2021). Understanding Residents ’ Opinions and Support Toward Sustainable Tourism Development in the Caribbean : The Case of Saint Kitts and Nevis. The Coastal Business Journal, 18(1). https://digitalcommons.coastal.edu/cbj/vol18/iss1/1%0AThis
Barr, J. C., & Woosnam, K. M. (2022). Northeast Travel and Tourism Research Association ( NETTRA ) Annual Conference Research Colloquium Explaining GA residents ’ pro-tourism behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic. 2022, 1–7.
Brida, J. G., Punzo, L. F., & Risso, W. A. (2011). Research note: Tourism as a factor of growth - The case of Brazil. Tourism Economics, 17(6), 1375–1386. https://doi.org/10.5367/te.2011.0094
Chan, J. K. L., Marzuki, K. M., & Mohtar, T. M. (2021). Local Community Participation and Responsible Tourism Practices in Ecotourism Destination : A Case of Lower. Sustainability, 13, 1–18. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313302
Choiriyah, I. U. (2017). Dampak Sosial-Ekonomi Wisata Terhadap Masyarakat Lokal (Studi Pada Wisata Pemancingan Delta Fishing Sidoarjo). Prosiding Seminar Dan Call For Paper, 294–300.
Diah, F. (2021). 7 Fakta KEK Likupang, Destinasi Wisata Super Prioritas di Sulut. 8 Maret 2021. https://travel.detik.com/domestic-destination/d-5486175/7-fakta-kek-likupang-destinasi-wisata-super-prioritas-di-sulut
Divisekera, S. (2010). Economics of tourist ’ s consumption behaviour : Some evidence from Australia. Tourism Management, 31(5), 629–636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.07.001
Financial, I. (2019). Likupang ditetapkan sebagai Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus. News. https://www.idnfinancials.com/id/news/30882/likupang-established-special-economic-zone
García, F. A., Vázquez, A. B., & Macías, R. C. (2015). Resident’s Attitudes towards the Impacts of Tourism ☆. Tourism Management Perspective, 13, 33–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2014.11.002
Garson, G. D. (2016). Partial Least Squares: Regression & Structural Equation Models. Statistical Publishing Associates.
Gonzalez, R., Gasco, J., & Liopis, J. (2019). Local Residents’ Perception about Tourism and Foreign Residents : A Spanish Case Study. Psychology and Marketing, October. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21259
González, V. M. (2020). Furthering Social Exchange Theory in the Study of Resident Impact Perceptions: Three Approximations to the Limits to Tourism Growth. TDX (Tesis Doctorals En Xarxa). http://www.tdx.cat/handle/10803/672160
Govender, K., Maziriri, E. T., & Chuchu, T. (2021). Perceptions of Local Tourists , Attitudes and Willingness to Visit Local Destinations : A Destination Image Case. Business Management Analysis Journal (BMAJ), 4(2), 121–144. https://www.theibfr.com/download/ijmmr/2011-ijmmr/ijmmr-v4n3-2011/IJMMR-V4N3-2011-4.pdf
Guo, Z. (2022). Local Revitalization : Support from Local Residents. Sustainability, 14. doi:10.3390/su11236841
Gursoy, D., Ouyang, Z., Nunkoo, R., & Wei, W. (2019). Residents’ impact perceptions of and attitudes towards tourism development: a meta-analysis. Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management, 28(3), 306–333. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2018.1516589
Hair Jr, Joseph, F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, Christian, M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, Nicholas, P., & Ray, S. (2021). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling ( PLS-SEM ) Using R.
Hair Jr, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis (7th ed.). Prentice Hall International : New York.
Harun, R., Chiciudean, G. O., Sirwan, K., Arion, F. H., & Muresan, I. C. (2018). Attitudes and Perceptions of the Local Community towards Sustainable Tourism Development in Kurdistan Regional Government , Iraq. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10092991
Henry, E. W., & Deane, B. (1997). The contribution of tourism to the economy of Ireland in 1990 and. Toursim Management, 18(8), 535–553.
Hughes, H. L. (1981). A tourism tax- the cases for and against. International Journal of Tourism Management, 196–206.
Huy, N. Van. (2020). Resident Perceptions toward Tourism Development in Nui Coc Lake , Vietnam : A social exchange theory approach. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 9(2), 1–17. http//: www.ajhtl.com
Iranomad Tours. (n.d.). Impact of Tourism on Local Community - Iran Nomad Tours. Retrieved February 6, 2022, from https://nomad.tours/ecoutourism-iran/11638/impact-of-tourism-on-local-community/
Ishikawa, N., & Fukushige, M. (2009). Impacts of tourism and fiscal expenditure on remote islands in Japan : a panel data analysis Impacts of tourism and fiscal expenditure on remote islands in Japan : a panel data analysis. Applied Economics, 41(7), 921–928. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840801964484
Janta, H., Lugosi, P., Brown, L., & Ladkin, A. (2012). Migrant networks , language learning and tourism employment. Tourism Management, 33(2), 431–439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2011.05.004
Jay. (2021). Menilik Dukungan Infrastruktur Kementerian PUPR di Destinasi Super Prioritas Manado - Likupang. 10 October 2021. https://pu.go.id/berita/menilik-dukungan-infrastruktur-kementerian-pupr-di-destinasi-super-prioritas-manado-likupang
Joshi, A., Kale, S., Chandel, S., & Pal, D. K. (2015). Likert Scale : Explored and Explained Likert Scale : Explored and Explained. British Journal of Applied Science & Techonology, 7(4), 396–403. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2015/14975
Jun, S. H., Pongsata, P., & Noh, J. (2016). An Examination of Residents’ Support for Tourism Development in Thailand. Travel and Tourism Research Association: Advancing Tourism Research Globally.
Karamoy, H., & Tulung, J. E. (2020). The Effect of Banking Risk on Indonesian Regional Development Bank. Banks and Bank Systems, 15(2), 130-137
Kumar, P., & Kumar, S. (2020). Exploratory Study on Social Research. Kripa Drishti Publications. https://www.kdpublications.in
Kusherdyana. (2021). Resident ’ s Perceptions of Sustainable Tourism Development in Borobudur Temple Tourist Destination. Jurnal Kepariwisataan: Destinasi, Hospitalitas Dan Perjalanan, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.34013/jk.v5i2.xx
Lai, H. K., Pinto, P., & Pintassilgo, P. (2020). Quality of Life and Emotional Solidarity in Residents ’ Attitudes toward Tourists : The Case of Macau. Journal of Travel Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520918016
Law, C. M. (1992). Urban Studies and Economic Regeneration. Urban Studies, 29(3–4), 599–618. https://doi.org/10.1080/00420989220080581
Lee, C. G., & Hung, W. T. (2010). Tourism, Health and Income in Singapore. International Journal of Tourism Research, 355–359.
Linderová, I., Scholz, P., & Almeida, N. (2021). Attitudes of Local Population Towards the Impacts of Tourism Development : Evidence From Czechia. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(June), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.684773
Lohmöller, J.-B. (1989). Latent Variable Path Modeling with Partial Least Squares. Physica: Heidelberg. https://www.smartpls.com/documentation/algorithms-and-techniques/model-fit/
Mackinnon, D. (2019). Mediating Variable. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, December 2001. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-043076-7/00732-4
Manna, R., & Mete, J. (2021). Population and Sample. 1(1). https://iarj.in/index.php/ijrah/article/view/39/38
Maressa. (2020). 9 Tempat Wisata di Minahasa Utara Bertema Alam dan Sejarah - TempatWisataUnik.com. January 26, 202026, 2020. https://tempatwisataunik.com/wisata-indonesia/sulawesi-utara/tempat-wisata-di-minahasa-utara
MINISTRY OF INVESTMENT/BKPM. (n.d.). Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus di Indonesia. https://www.bkpm.go.id/id/publikasi/detail/berita/kawasan-ekonomi-khusus-di-indonesia
Mojambo, G. A., Tulung, J. E., & Saerang, R. T. (2020). The Influence of Top Management Team (TMT) Characteristics Toward Indonesian Banks Financial Performance During the Digital Era (2014-2018). JMBI UNSRAT (Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Bisnis dan Inovasi Universitas Sam Ratulangi)., 7(1).
Moraru, A., Duhnea, C., Barbulescu, A., Juganaru, M., & Juganaru, I. (2021). Residents ’ Attitude toward Tourism — Do the Benefits Outweigh the Downsides ? The Case of Constanta , Romania. Sustainability, 13(882).
Moynul, H., & Rahman, S. Z. (2016). Impacts of Tourism Development on Local Community : A Study on Shalban Impacts of Tourism Development on Local Community : A Study on Shalban. Bangladesh Journal of Tourism, 1(1), 78–82. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350525357_Impact_of_Tourism_on_Local_Communities_A_Case_of_Nalanda_Bihar
Musinguzi, D. (2011). THE IMPACTS OF TOURISM ON LOCAL COMMUNITIES : [The Hong Kong Polytechnic University]. https://www.academia.edu/27175607/The_Impacts_of_Tourism_on_Local_Communities_Developing_and_Operationalising_a_Comprehensive_Monitoring_Framework
Neuts, B., Kimps, S., & van der Borg, J. (2021). Resident Support for Tourism Development : Application of a Simplified Resident Empowerment through Tourism Scale on Developing Destinations in Flanders. Sustainability, 1-9–19. https://doi.org/https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/12/6934/pdf
Nugroho, P., & Numata, S. (2020). Resident support of community-based tourism development: Evidence from Gunung Ciremai National Park, Indonesia. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 0(0), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1755675
Nunkoo, R. (2016). Toward a More Comprehensive Use of Social Exchange Theory to Study Residents ’ Attitudes to Tourism. Procedia Economics and Finance, 39(November 2015), 588–596. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(16)30303-3
Olya, H. G. T., & Gavilyan, Y. (2017). Configurational Models to Predict Residents’ Support for Tourism Development. Journal of Travel Research, 56(7), 893–912. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287516667850
Paraskevaidis, P., & Andriotis, K. (2017). Annals of Tourism Research Altruism in tourism : Social Exchange Theory vs Altruistic Surplus Phenomenon in host volunteering. Annals of Tourism Research, 62, 26–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2016.11.002
Peters, M., Chan, C., & Legerer, A. (2018). Local Perception of Impact-Attitudes-Actions towards Tourism Development in the Urlaubsregion Murtal in Austria. Sustainability, 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072360
Qin, X., Shen, H., Ye, S., & Zhou, L. (2021). Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management Revisiting residents ’ support for tourism development : The role of tolerance. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 47(March), 114–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.02.010
Ramseook-Munhurrun, P., & Naidoo, P. (2011). Residents’ Attitudes toward Perceived Tourism Benefits. International Journal of Management and Marketing Research, 4(3), 45–56. https://www.theibfr.com/download/ijmmr/2011-ijmmr/ijmmr-v4n3-2011/IJMMR-V4N3-2011-4.pdf
Rasoolimanesh, S.M., & Jaafar, M. (2016). Residents’ perception toward tourism development: a pre-development perspective. Journal of Place Management and Development, 9(1), 91–104.
Rasoolimanesh, S Mostafa, Jaafar, M., Kock, N., & Ramayah, T. (2015). A revised framework of social exchange theory to investigate the factors in fl uencing residents ’ perceptions. TMP, 16, 335–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2015.10.001
Rompis, A. (2021). Ini 5 Objek Wisata di Minut Selain Likupang, Salah Satunya Didatangi Warga Israel dan Palestina - Halaman all - Tribunmanado.co.id. 14 September 2021. https://manado.tribunnews.com/2021/09/14/ini-5-objek-wisata-di-minut-selain-likupang-salah-satunya-didatangi-warga-israel-dan-palestina?page=all
Roostika, R. (2017). An Examination of Residents’ Support for Tourism Development: A Case Study in the City of Yogyakarta. 1–9. https://dspace.uii.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/15869/Euromed 2017 Article Ratna Roostika.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Sánchez-Teba, E. M., Benítez-Márquez, M. D., & Romero-Navas, T. (2019). Residents ’ Negative Perceptions towards Tourism , Loyalty and Happiness : The Case of Fuengirola, Spain. Sustainability, 11. doi:10.3390/su11236841
Sekretariat Dewan Nasional KEK. (2021). DEWAN NASIONAL KAWASAN EKONOMI KHUSUS REPUBLIK INDONESIA. Republik Indonesia. https://kek.go.id/kawasan/KEK-Likupang
Shahzalal, M. (2016). Positive and Negative Impacts of Tourism on Culture: A Critical Review of Examples from the Contemporary Literature. An International Peer-Reviewed Journal, 20(0), 2312–5179. www.iiste.org
Shen, K., Yang, J., & Geng, C. (2022). How Residents ’ Attitudes to Tourists and Tourism Affect Their Pro-tourism Behaviours : The Moderating Role of Chinese Traditionality. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(January), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.792324
Shtudiner, Z., Klein, G., & Kantor, J. (2018). How religiosity affects the attitudes of communities towards tourism in a sacred city: The case of Jerusalem. Tourism Management, 69(May 2016), 167–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.06.003
Sinclair, M. T. (2007). Tourism and economic development : A survey Tourism and Economic Development : A Survey. The Journal of Development Studies, 34(5), 1–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220389808422535
Șorcaru, I. A., Capatina, A., Muntean, M.-C., Manea, L.-D., & Soare, I. (2022). Residents’ Perceptions towards Tourism Development — The Case of Gala¸ti-Braila Conurbation, Romania. Sustainability, 14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137962
Stylidis, D., Biran, A., Sit, J., & Szivas, E. M. (2014). Residents’ Support for Tourism Development: The Role of Residents’ Place Image and Perceived Tourism Impacts Dimitrios Stylidis. Tourism Management, 45, 260–274. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.05.006
Taherdoost, H. (2016). Sampling Methods in Research Methodology ; How to Choose a Sampling Technique for Research. International Journal of Academic Research in Management (IJARM), 5(2), 18–27.
Towoliu, B., Permana, D. E., Gahung, M. D., & Lumettu, A. (2018). Ecotourism Village Feasibility Assessment Analysis : The Case. Almatourism-Journal of Tourism Culture and Territorial Development, 9(17), 137–152.
Tuntipisitkul, P., Tsusaka, T. W., Kim, S. M., Shrestha, R. P., & Sasaki, N. (2021). Residents’ Perception of Changing Local Conditions in the Context of Tourism Development: The Case of Phuket Island. Sustainability, 13, 1–29.
Vidal Rua, S. (2020). Perceptions of tourism: a study of residents’ attitudes towards tourism in the city of Girona. Journal of Tourism Analysis, 27(2), 165–184. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTA-03-2019-0015
Ward, C., & Berno, T. (2011). Beyond Social Exchange Theory. Attitudes Toward Tourists. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(4), 1556–1569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.02.005
Wardani, K. R. (2021). 5 Tempat Wisata di Minahasa Sulawesi Utara Paling Populer, Nomor 4 Peninggalan Purba. Rabu, 13 Oktober 2021. https://sulut.inews.id/berita/tempat-wisata-di-minahasa-sulawesi-utara
Williams, C. (2007). Research methods. Journal of Business & Economic Research, 5(3), 65–72. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.19030/jber.v5i3.2532
Woosnam, K. M., Draper, J., Jiang, J. (Kelly), Aleshinloye, K. D., & Erul, E. (2018). Applying self-perception theory to explain residents’ attitudes about tourism development through travel histories. Tourism Management, 64, 357–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.09.015
Wut, T. M., Xu, J. B., & Wong, S. (2021). Crisis management research ( 1985 – 2020 ) in the hospitality and tourism industry : A review and research agenda. 85(May 2020).
Yusuf, M. (2020). How Far Can Tourism Go? Residents’ Attitudes toward Tourism Development in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Geography, 52(2), 208–218. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijg.38375
Zairjanovich, Y. S., & Xalmurzayevna, Y. S. (2022). Learners’ Attitudes in Learning English for Tourism Using Google Classroom in Tashkent Tourism Collage. Development and Innovations in Science, 1(1), 93–100. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5889381
