Analysis Of Bacteria Community In The Plastic Waste

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35800/jip.8.2.2020.29877

Abstract

Plastic waste is a general problem for the environment. Therefore, more ways of plastic waste management are required. One of the plastic waste management process is microbiological biodegradation using bacteria. This research aims to identify the bacterial community in Polyethylene Terephthalate type plastic waste by molecular analysis. In order to identify the community of bacteria, it is necessary to isolate the DNA of uncultured bacteria. In this research, the isolation of the DNA of uncultured bacteria from plastic waste was carried out by the Qiagen DNeasy® PowerSoil Pro Kit handbook. The DNA genome was subsequently examined using electrophoresis gel and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The DNA genome was then amplified using Polymerase Chain Reaction and the bacteria were identified using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) analysis. On the results of this study, the uncultured bacteria DNA from plastic waste was isolated with purification value of 1. The amplified DNA genome was detected by DNA bands through gel electrophoresis gel at ~1500 bp. The bacteria in the plastic waste were Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chlorobi, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, Thaumarchaeuta and Gemmattimonadetes with the highest relative abundance of Proteobacteria.

Keywords : Bacteria, Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid ( DNA), Plastic Waste, Uncultured

Abstrak

Sampah plastik merupakan masalah bagi lingkungan oleh sebab itu diperlukan pengelolaan yang baik. Salah satu pengelolaan sampah plastik yakni dengan cara biodegradasi secara mikrobiologi menggunakan bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komunitas bakteri pada sampah plastik, khususnya jenis Polyethylene Terephthalate secara molekuler. Untuk analisis bakteri secara molekuker, diperlukan tahapan isolasi DNA bakteri. Pada penelitian ini isolasi DNA bakteri tanpa kultivasi dari sampah plastik dilakukan dengan mengikuti prosedur ekstraksi DNeasy® PowerSoil Pro Kit, Qiagen dengan menggunakan proses pengikisan pada kedua permukaan plastik sebagai tahapan preparasi sampel. Hasil ekstraksi DNA selanjutnya diuji menggunakan elektroforesis gel dan spektofotometer UV-Vis. Genom DNA kemudian diamplifikasi menggunakan Polymerase Chain Reaction dan bakteri diidentifikasi dengan Next Generation Sequencing analysis. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa, DNA bakteri tanpa kultivasi dari sampah plastik berhasil diisolasi dan diamplifikasi yang ditunjukkan dengan terbentuknya pita DNA lewat hasil elektroforesis gel pada panjang 1500 bp. Bakteri yang terdapat pada plastik jenis PET adalah Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chlorobi, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, Thaumarchaeuta dan Gemmattimonadetes dengan kelimpahan relatif tertinggi adalah Proteobacteria

Kata kunci: Bakteri, Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid ( DNA), Sampah Plastik, Tanpa Kultivasi

References

Amaral-Zettler, L. A., Zettler, E. R., Slikas, B., Boyd, G. D., Melvin, D. W., Morrall, C. E., Proskurowski, G., Mincer, T.J. 2015. The biogeography of the Plastisphere: implications for policy. Front. Ecol. Environ. 13 (10), 541–546.

Austin, H. P., Allen, M. D., Donohoe, B. S., Rorrer, N. A., Kearns, F. L., Silveira, R. L., Pollard, B. C., Dominick, G., Duman R., El Omari K., Mykhaylyk, V., Wagner, A., Michener, W. E., Amore, A., Skaf M. S., Crowley M. F., Thorne, A. W., Johnson, C. W., Woodcock, H. L., McGeehan, J. E., Beckham, G. T. Characterization and engineering of a plastic-degrading aromatic polyesterase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018;115: E4350–E4357. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1718804115.

Black, J. G. 2002. Microbiology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Dang, H., Lovell, C. R., 2000. Bacterial primary colonization and early succession on surfaces in marine waters as determined by amplified rRNA gene restriction analysis and sequence analysis of 16S rRNA genes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66 (2), 467–475.

Dian, G. M., dan Pandebesie, E. S. 2013. Pengaruh Penambahan Mikroorganisme Terhadap Kondisi Operasi Pemusnahan Sampah Plastik Biodegradable. Jurnal Teknik POMITS Vol. 2, No. 1, ISSN: 2337-3539 (2301-9271 Print).

Haryogya, A. M., and Ustadi. 2020. Isolation and Moleculer Identification of Chitinolytic Bacterium from Ronto. Departement of Fhisheries, Faculty of Acriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Hetherington J., Leous J., Anziano J., Brockett D., Cherson A., Dean E., Dillon J., Johnson T., Littman M., Lukehart N., Ombac J. and Reilly K., 2005. The Marine Debris Research, Prevention and Reduction Act: A Policy Analysis. Columbia University New York, New York.

Holt, J. G., Krieg, N. R., Sneath, P. H. A., Staley, J. T., & Williams, S. T. (2000). Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology ninth edition. Maryland: Lippicott Williams & Wilkins, a wolters Kluwer company.

Irmawati., 2013. Perubahan keragaman genetik ikan kerapu tikus (cromileptes altivelis) generasi pertama pada stok hatchery. IPB. Bogor. https://repository. ipb.ac.id /handle/123456789/6996.

Kaseem, M. K., Hamad, and Deri, F. 2012. Thermoplastic starch blends: A review of recent works. 54:165-176.

Lebreton, L., van der Zwet, J., Damsteeg, J., Slat, B., Andrady, A., and Reisser, J. 2017. River plastic emissions to the World's Oceans. Nat. Commun. 8:15611. doi: 10.1038/ncomms15611.

Mahalik, N. P., and A. N. Nambiar. 2010. Trends in Food Packaging and Manufacturing Systems and Technology. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 21: 117128.

Mardiana, A. N., Murniasih, T., Rukmi, D. W., Kusnadi, J. 2020. Potensi Bakteri Sebagai Sumber Ntibiotik Baru Penghambat Saccharomyces aurens. Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian. 21(1).

Marliani, N. 2014. Pemanfaatan limbah rumah tangga (sampah anorganik) sebagai bentuk implementasi dari pendidikan lingkungan hidup. Jurnal Formatif 4(2): 124-132, ISSN: 2088-351X

Napitupulu, H. G., Rumengan, I. F., Wullur, S., Ginting, E. L., Rimper, J. R. T. S. L., dan Toloh, B. H. 2019. Bacillus sp. sebagai Agensia Pengurai dalam Pemeliharaan Brachionus rotundiformis yang Menggunakan Ikan Mentah sebagai Sumber Nutrisi. Jurnal Ilmiah Platax. 7(1) :158-169.

Oberbeckmann, S., Loeder, M. G., Gerdts, G., Osborn, A. M., 2014. Spatial and seasonal variation in diversity and structure of microbial biofilms on marine plastics in Northern European waters. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 90 (2), 478–492.

Oberbeckmann, S., Osborn, A. M., Duhaime, M. B. 2016. Microbes on a bottle: substrate, season and geography influence community composition of microbes colonizing marine plastic debris. PLoS One 11 (8), e0159289.

Pangestu, S. N., Budiharjo, A., Rukmi. 2016. Isolasi, Identifikasi 16S rRNA dan Karakterisasi Morfologi Bakteri Pendegradasi Plastik Polietilen (PE). Jurnal Biologi. 5(1) : 24-29.

Sambrook J., Fritsch E. F., and Maniatis T. 1989. Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual. USA: Cold Spring Harbor Lab ress.

Sriningsih, A dan Shovitri, M. 2015. Potensi Isolat Bakteri Pseudomonas sebagai Pendegradasi Plastik, Jurnal Sains dan Seni ITS, 4, E-67 – E-69.

Treviño, A. L, Gerardo G. S, Raúl R. H and Cristóbal N. A. 2012. Microbial Enzymes Involved in Polyurethan Biodegradation: A Review, J Polym Environ, 20, 261.

Tokiwa, Y., B. P. C alab ia, C. U. Ugwu, and S. Aiba. 2009. Biodegradability of Plastics. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 10: 3722-3742.

Downloads

Published

2020-08-14

How to Cite

Purba, D., Warouw, V., Rompas, R., Sumilat, D., Kreckhoff, R., & Ginting, E. (2020). Analysis Of Bacteria Community In The Plastic Waste. Jurnal Ilmiah Platax, 8(2), 188–195. https://doi.org/10.35800/jip.8.2.2020.29877

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >>