Prevalensi dan faktor-faktor risiko yang menyebabkan asma pada anak di RSU GMIM Bethesda Tomohon periode Agustus 2011 – Juli 2016
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/ecl.v4i2.14453Abstract
Abstract: Asthma is a heterogen disease marked by chronic inflammation in the respiratory tract with a history of disturbance of breathing such as wheezing, dyspnea, and cough. This disease can occur at any age. The etiology of asthma is still unclear but there are various risk factors which can cause asthma inter alia sex, history of atopy, change of weather, dust mites, smoke, pet, and food. This study was aimed to obtain the prevalence of asthma and its risk factors in patients aged 0-18 years at GMIM Bethesda Hospital in Tomohon. This was a descriptive retrospective study. Samples were patients aged 0-18 years admitted at the Pediatric Division of GMIM Bethesda Hospital from August 2011 to July 2016. The results showed that the highest prevalence was from August 2011 to July 2012 (21.62%) and the risk factors which affected asthma in children were as follows: male (55.41%), age 5-9 years old (31.08%), history of atopy (52.70%), and change of weather (55.40%). Conclusion: The highest prevalence of ashmatic patients was 21.62% from August 2011 to July 2012. The majority of risk factors were male sex, change of weather, history of atopi, and dust mites.
Keywords: asthma, prevalence, risk factor, children
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Abstrak: Asma merupakan penyakit heterogen yang biasanya ditandai oleh peradangan kronik pada saluran napas dengan riwayat gejala pernapasan seperti mengi, sesak napas, dan batuk yang dapat terjadi pada semua kelompok usia. Etiologi asma masih belum jelas namun terdapat berbagai faktor risiko yang dapat memicu terjadinya asma seperti jenis kelamin, usia, riwayat atopi, perubahan cuaca, tungau debu rumah, paparan asap rokok, binatang piaraan, dan makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi asma dan faktor-faktor risiko yang memengaruhi terjadinya athat the highest prevalence wassma di RSU GMIM Bethesda Tomohon. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospektif. Sampel penelitian ialah pasien anak usia 0-18 tahun dengan diagnosis utama asma yang dirawat di Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Anak RSU GMIM Bethesda Tomohon pada periode Agustus 2011-Juli 2016. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi terbanyak pada periode Agustus 2011-Juli 2012 (21,62%) dan faktor risiko yang memengaruhi asma pada anak berupa jenis kelamin laki-laki (55,41%), usia 5-9 tahun (31,08%), riwayat atopi (54,05%), tungau debu rumah (52,70%), dan perubahan cuaca (55,40%). Simpulan: Kejadian asma terbanyak terjadi pada periode Agustus 2011-Juli 2012 sebesar 21,62%. Faktor risiko tersering ditemukan ialah jenis kelamin laki-laki, perubahan cuaca, riwayat atopi, dan tungau debu rumah.
Kata kunci: asma, prevalensi, faktor risiko, anak
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