Hubungan antara Faktor Risiko dengan Kejadian Preeklampsia Berat
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/ecl.v13i1.60184Abstract
Abstract: Severe preeclampsia is a complication that occurs in pregnancy as well as childbirth, and is an advanced condition of preeclampsia that is not treated appropriately. Preeclampsia usually occurs after 20 weeks of pregnancy and is characterized by increased blood pressure and proteinuria. This study aimed to determine the relationship between risk factors including age, parity, education, number of antenatal care (ANC), history of preeclampsia, and history of hypertension with the incidence of severe preeclampsia. This was an analytical and observational with a cross sectional design. Samples were all maternity mothers who were treated and had complete medical record data at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado during years 2021-2022. The results showed that there were 910 laboring mothers including 214 laboring mothers with severe preeclampsia. The chi-square test obtained p-values of<0.05 for the relationships between risk factors namely age, history of preeclampsia, and history of hypertension with the incidence of severe preeclampsia, meanwhile, p-values of>0.05 for the relationships between risk factors namely parity, education, and number of ANC with the incidence of severe preeclampsia. In conclusion, there was a significant relationship between risk factors namely age, history of preeclampsia, history of hypertension with the incidence of severe preeclampsia, however, there was no significant relationship between risk factors namely parity, education, number of antenatal care with the incidence of severe preeclampsia at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado period 2021-2022.
Keywords: severe preeclampsia; risk factors
Abstrak: Preeklampsia berat adalah komplikasi yang terjadi pada kehamilan serta persalinan dan merupakan kondisi lanjutan dari preeklampsia yang tidak ditangani dengan tepat. Preeklampsia biasanya terjadi setelah 20 minggu kehamilan ditandai dengan peningkatan tekanan darah dan proteinuria. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor risiko meliputi usia, paritas, pendidikan, jumlah antenatal care (ANC), riwayat preeklampsia, riwayat hipertensi dengan kejadian preeklampsia berat. Jenis penelitian ialah observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian ialah seluruh ibu bersalin yang dirawat dan memiliki data rekam medis lengkap di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode 2021-2022. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 910 ibu bersalin, diantaranya 214 ibu bersalin dengan preeklampsia berat. Hasil uji chi- square menunjukan nilai p<0,05 untuk hubungan antara faktor risiko usia, riwayat preeklampsia, dan riwayat hipertensi dengan kejadian preeklampsia berat, dan nilai p>0,05 untuk hubungan antara faktor risiko paritas, pendidikan, jumlah ANC dengan kejadian preeklampsia berat. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat hubungan bermakna antara faktor risiko usia, riwayat preeklampsia, dan riwayat hipertensi dengan kejadian preeklampsia berat namun tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara faktor risiko paritas, pendidikan, jumlah antenatal care dengan kejadian preeklampsia berat di RSUP Prof Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode 2021–2022.
Kata kunci: preeklampsia berat; faktor risiko
References
Sammour MB, El-Kabarity H, Fawzy MM, Schindler AE. WHO recommendations for Ppevention and treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry & Molecular Biology. 2011;96:439–40 p. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241548335
Amalia F, Izzati BD. Preeklampsia dan COVID-19 : Literature Review. Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi. 2023;23(2):1157–60. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v23i2.3468
Brown MA, Magee LA, Kenny LC, Karumanchi SA, McCarthy FP, Saito S, et al. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: ISSHP classification, diagnosis, and management recommendations for international practice. Am Heart J. 2018;72(1):24–43. Available from: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/ HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.10803
Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Pedoman Nasional Pelayanan Kedokteran Tata Laksana Komplikasi Kehamilan. BMC Public Health. 2017;5(1):24–5. Available from:
https://ejournal.poltektegal.ac.id/index.php/siklus/article/view/298%0A http://repositorio.unan.edu.ni/2986/1/5624.pdf%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jana.2015.10.005%0A http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/12/58%0Ahttp://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&P
World Health Organization. World Health Statistics. Euro Reports and Studies. 2021;43:21–2. Available from: https://www.who.int/data/gho/publications/world-health-statistics
Tolinggi S, Mantualangi K, Nuryani N. Kejadian preeklampsia dan faktor risiko yang mempengaruhinya. Gorontalo Journal Public Health. 2018;1(2):85. Available from: https://doi.org/10.32662/gjph.v1i2.320
Sumampouw CM, Tendean HMM, Wagey FW. Gambaran preeklampsia berat dan eklampsia ditinjau dari faktor risiko di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jurnal Medik dan Rehabilitasi. 2019;1(3):1–5. Available from: https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/jmr/article/view/22471
Putri IM, Ismiyatun N. Deteksi dini kehamilan beresiko. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Cendekia Utama. 2020;8(1):40. Available from: https://jurnal.stikescendekiautamakudus.ac.id/index.php/JKM/ article/view/565
Suryatini E, Mamlukah M, Wahyuniar L. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian preeklamsia pada ibu hamil di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Soekardjo Kota Tasikmalaya pada masa pandemi Covid-19 tahun 2022. Journal Public Health Innovation. 2022;3(01):1–12. Available from: https://doi.org/10.34305/jphi.v3i01.564
Pramanik A, Manuaba IBGF, Wiradnyana AAP. The characteristics of preeclampsia among patients delivered through caesarean section at Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali in 2018. Intisari Sains Medis. 2019;10(3):659–63. Available from: https://isainsmedis.id/index.php/ism/article/view/162
Diniyati D, Sari LA, Afriyanti AN. Preeklamsia berat pada ibu hamil di RSUD Raden Mattaher Jambi. Bahana Journal Public Health. 2021;5(1):18–24. Available from: https://10.0.140.70/jbkm.v5i1.339
Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Dashe JS, Hofman BL, Casey BM, et al. Hypertensive Disorders. William Obstetrics (25th ed). New York: McGraw-Hil; 2018. p. 710–45.
Hermawati D. Hubungan paritas dan usia ibu hamil dengan preeklampsia di Rumah Sakit Kota Banda Aceh. Idea Nursing Journal. 2020;XI(3):62–9. Available from: http://202.4.186.66/INJ/ article/view/20812/13839
Heriana C, Nurasiah A, Fahmi R. Faktor risiko kejadian preeklampsia berat (PEB) di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah ’45 Kuningan. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Kesehatan Bhakti Husada Kuningan.. 2013;2:79–83. Available from: https://ejournal.stikku.ac.id/index.php/stikku/article/view/20/11
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and M. No School Success: An Opportunity for Population Health: Proceedings of a Workshop. Wangshington DC: National Academies Press (US); 2019. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK566334/
Hipni R. Hubungan Paritas dan pendidikan ibu terhadap kejadian preeklampsia di RSUD Idaman Banjarbaru. Embrio Jurnal Kebidanan. 2019;11(1):23–9. Available from: https://jurnal.unipasby.ac.id/ index.php/embrio/article/view/1846
Kemenkes RI. Pedoman Pelayanan Antenatal Terpadu 2020 (3rd ed). Vol. III, Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2020. 4–6 p.
Ritonga APP, Ariati A. Hubungan faktor risiko ibu dengan kejadian preeklampsia di RSUD Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan tahun 2018-2020. Jurnal Kedokteran STM (Sains dan Teknologi Medik. 2023;6(1):106–12. Available from: https://jurnal.fk.uisu.ac.id/index.php/stmJurnal
Apriliyanti E, Putri R, Nency A. Hubungan riwayat preeklampsia, pemeriksaan antenatal, dan tingkat stres dengan kejadian pre-eklampsia berat pada ibu hamil di Desa Permis tahun 2022. SENTRI Jurnal Riset Ilmiah. 2023;2(4):1214–24. Available from: https://garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/ documents/detail/3400050
Setiawati E. The relationship of multipelpregnancy, chronic hypertension with the events of heavy exlampsia pre on malled mother in Dr. H. Moch An Sari Saleh Banjarmasin in 2019. Jurnal Skala Kesehatan Politeknik Kesehatan Banjarmasin. 2020;11(3). Available from: https://www.ejurnalskalakesehatan-poltekkesbjm.com/index.php/JSK/article/download/281/185
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Tivan Z. S. Rumampuk, Hermie M. M. Tendean, John J. E. Wantania
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
COPYRIGHT
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors hold their copyright and grant this journal the privilege of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that permits others to impart the work with an acknowledgment of the work's origin and initial publication by this journal.
Authors can enter into separate or additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (for example, post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its underlying publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (for example, in institutional repositories or on their website) as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of the published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
