THE EFFECT OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ON TAX AVOIDANCE WITH CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AS MEDIATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35794/jmbi.v10i3.49565Abstract
Abstract. This research was conducted to analyze the relationship between corporate governance and tax avoidance, mediated by corporate social responsibility. Tax avoidance is the dependent variable measured by the effective tax rate (ETR), while corporate governance is the independent variable measured by the Corporate Governance Index (CGI-score). The mediating variable in this study is corporate social responsibility. The study also includes control variables such as firm size, return on asset, and leverage. This research sample is based on a sample of Indonesian companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2017-2021. The survey sample that meets the criteria includes 60 companies with a total of 300 observational data collections. Research results show that corporate governance has a significant impact on tax avoidance, corporate governance has no significant impact on corporate social responsibility, corporate social responsibility has no significant impact on tax avoidance and corporate social responsibility is not able to mediate corporate governance and tax avoidance.
Abstrak. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara corporate governance dengan penghindaran pajak yang dimediasi oleh tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan. Penghindaran pajak adalah variabel dependen yang diukur dengan tarif pajak efektif (ETR), sedangkan tata kelola perusahaan adalah variabel independen yang diukur dengan Corporate Governance Index (CGI-score). Variabel mediasi dalam penelitian ini adalah tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan. Penelitian ini juga memasukkan variabel kontrol seperti ukuran perusahaan, return on asset, dan leverage. Sampel penelitian ini berdasarkan sampel perusahaan Indonesia yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode 2017-2021. Sampel survei yang memenuhi kriteria meliputi 60 perusahaan dengan total 300 koleksi data observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa corporate governance berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tax avoidance, corporate governance tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap corporate social responsibility, corporate social responsibility tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tax avoidance dan corporate social responsibility tidak mampu memediasi corporate governance dan tax avoidance.
References
Anggraeni, T., & Oktaviani, R. M. (2021). Dampak Thin Capitalization, Profitabilitas, Dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Tindakan Penghindaran Pajak. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Pajak, 21(02), 390–397. https://doi.org/10.29040/jap.v21i02.1530
Anita Wijayanti, Endang Masitoh, S. M. (2018). Pengaruh Corporate Governance terhadap Tax Avoidance (Perusahaan Pertambangan yang terdaftar di BEI). Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Dan Bisnis Airlangga, 3(1), 322–340. https://doi.org/10.31093/jraba.v3i1.91
Annisa, N. A. (2012). Pengaruh Corporate Governance terhadap Tax Avoidance. 123–136.
Armstrong, C. S., Blouin, J. L., & Larcker, D. F. (2015). Corporate Governance , Incentives , and Tax Avoidance. 60, 1–17.
Bayar, O., Huseynov, F., & Sardarli, S. (2018). Corporate Governance, Tax Avoidance, and Financial Constraints. Financial Management, 47(3), 651–677. https://doi.org/10.1111/fima.12208
Cuadrado-Ballesteros, B., García-Sánchez, I. M., & Martínez-Ferrero, J. (2017). The impact of board structure on CSR practices on the international scale. European Journal of International Management, 11(6), 633–659. https://doi.org/10.1504/EJIM.2017.087559
Davis, A. K., Guenther, D. A., Krull, L. K., & Williams, B. M. (2016). Do socially responsible firms pay more taxes? Accounting Review, 91(1), 47–68. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-51224
Desai, M. A., & Dharmapala, D. (2006). Corporate tax avoidance and high-powered incentives. Journal of Financial Economics, 79(1), 145–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2005.02.002
Dewi, N. L. P. P., & Noviari, N. (2017). Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Leverage, Profitabilitas dan Corporate Social Responsibility Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak (Tax Avoidance). E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 21(2), 882–911. https://doi.org/10.24843/EJA.2017.v21.i02.p01
Fauziyah, N. (2019). Pengaruh Komite Audit, Kualitas Audit, Dewan Komisaris Independen dan Corporate Social Responsibility terhadap Tax Avoidance. Jurnal Akuntansi & Ekonomi, 2(4), 4–89.
Fitri, A. W., Hapsarai, D. P., & Haryadi, E. (2019). Pengaruh Leverage, Komisaris Independen dan Corporate Social Responsibility Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. Juma UNSERA, Vol. 1 No. 1, 20–30.
Friese, A., Link, S. P., & Mayer, S. (2011). Taxation and Corporate Governance. SSRN Electronic Journal, 1–99. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.877900
Fuente, J. A., García-Sánchez, I. M., & Lozano, M. B. (2017). The role of the board of directors in the adoption of GRI guidelines for the disclosure of CSR information. Journal of Cleaner Production, 141, 737–750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.09.155
Harjito, Y., Sari, C. N., & Yulianto, -. (2017). Tax Aggressiveness Seen From Company Characteristics and Corporate Social Responsibility. Journal of Auditing, Finance, and Forensic Accounting, 5(2), 77. https://doi.org/10.21107/jaffa.v5i2.3765
Hidayati, N., & Fidiana. (2017). Pengaruh corporate governance social responsibility dan good corporate governance terhadap pengindaran pajak. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Riset Akuntansi, 6(3), 1053–1070.
Hoi Chun Keung, Wu Qiang, Z. H. (2013). Is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Associated with Tax Avoidance? Evidence from Irresponsible CSR Activities Chun. American Accounting Association, 90(4), 1395–1435.
Karamoy, H., & Tulung, J. E. (2020). The Effect of Banking Risk on Indonesian Regional Development Bank. Banks and Bank Systems, 15(2), 130-137
Karamoy, H., & Tulung, J. E. (2020). The Effect of Financial Performance and Corporate Governance To Stock Price In Non-Bank Financial Industry. Corporate Ownership & Control, 17(2), 97-103.
Lanis, R., & Richardson, G. (2012). Corporate social responsibility and tax aggressiveness: An empirical analysis. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 31(1), 86–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2011.10.006
Lusy, A. teo. (2022). Peran Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan Memediasi Hubungan Tata Kelola Perusahaan dan Penghindaran Pajak. Repository UIB, 1976.
Mojambo, G. A., Tulung, J. E., & Saerang, R. T. (2020). The Influence of Top Management Team (TMT) Characteristics Toward Indonesian Banks Financial Performance During the Digital Era (2014-2018). JMBI UNSRAT (Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Bisnis dan Inovasi Universitas Sam Ratulangi)., 7(1).
OECD. (2004). OECD principles of corporate governance. Corporate Governance in Japan: From the Viewpoints of Management, Accounting, and the Market, 109–117. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-30920-8_10
Pamungkas, Putri, D. (2020). Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance (GCG) Terhadap Implementasi Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) pada Industri Pertambangan dan Penggalian (BUMN Persero Terbuka). Jurnal Mahasiswa Universitas Negeri Surabaya, 274–282.
Rahmawati, A., Wi Endang, M. ., & Rachma Agusti, R. (2016). Pengaruh Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility dan Corporate Governance terhadap Tax Avoidance (Studi Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar Di BEI Periode 2012-2014). Jurnal Perpajakan (JEJAK), 10(1), 1–69.
Ramón-Llorens, M. C., García-Meca, E., & Pucheta-Martínez, M. C. (2018). The role of human and social board capital in driving CSR reporting. Long Range Planning, 52(6), 0–1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2018.08.001
Rego, S. O., & Wilson, R. (2012). Equity Risk Incentives and Corporate Tax Aggressiveness. Journal of Accounting Research, 50(3), 775–810. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2012.00438.x
Richardson, G., Wang, B., & Zhang, X. (2016). Ownership structure and corporate tax avoidance: Evidence from publicly listed private firms in China. Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, 12(2), 141–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcae.2016.06.003
Salhi, B., Riguen, R., Kachouri, M., & Jarboui, A. (2019). The mediating role of corporate social responsibility on the relationship between governance and tax avoidance: UK common law versus French civil law. Social Responsibility Journal, 16(8), 1149–1168. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-04-2019-0125
Sulistiana, I., & Istianingsih, I. (2018). Studi Negara Asean Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility Mediasi Penerapan Good Corporate Governance Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. Tirtayasa Ekonomika, 13(2), 357. https://doi.org/10.35448/jte.v13i2.4323
Van Den Berghe, L., & Louche, C. (2005). The link between corporate governance and corporate social responsibility in insurance. Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance: Issues and Practice, 30(3), 425–442. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.gpp.2510034
Wibawa, A., Wilopo, & Yusri, A. (2016). Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance terhadap Penghindaraan Pajak (Studi pada Perusahaan Terdaftar di Indeks Bursa SRI KEHATI Tahun 2010-2014). 135–136.
Wibowo, R. Ery, A. S. (2014). Keterkaitan Corporate Governance Dengan Corporate Social Responsibility. Maksimum, 2(1), 73. https://doi.org/10.26714/mki.2.1.2011.73-82
Wijayanti, A., Wijayanti, A., & Samrotun, Y. C. (2016). Pengaruh Karakteristik Perusahaan, Gcg Dan Csr Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. Seminar Nasional IENACO –, 2337–4349.
Winata, F. (2014). Pengaruh Corporate Governance Terhadap Tax Avoidance Pada Perusahaan Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2013. Tax & Accounting Review, 4 (1)(1), 1–11.
www.kontan.co.id. (2020). Akibat penghindaran pajak, Indonesia diperkirakan rugi Rp 68,7 triliun. Akibat Penghindaran Pajak, Indonesia Diperkirakan Rugi Rp 68,7 Triliun. https://nasional.kontan.co.id/news/akibat-penghindaran-pajak-indonesia-diperkirakan-rugi-rp-687-triliun
Zeng, T. (2019). Relationship between corporate social responsibility and tax avoidance: international evidence. Social Responsibility Journal, 15(2), 244–257. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-03-201
