Histological Observation Of Milkfish Organs With Stunting Phenomenon
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35800/jip.9.1.2021.31649Keywords:
Milkfish, Stunting, HistologyAbstract
Milkfish (Chanos chanos) is an important economic fish. Milkfish is widely consumed because it has high nutritional value. Milkfish is also used as live bait for fishing. In the milkfish cultivation system, increasing production is a very important factor. One of the efforts to increase production in fish farming systems is the application of high stocking density. Constraints to the application of the high stocking density cause the growth of milkfish to be non-uniform, some of them even experience stunting, which is a condition in which the fish experience slow growth. This study aims to observe the condition of the milkfish tissue with normal growth and stunted fish. Milkfish (Chanos chanos) used are fish that have been reared for 6 months. Fish organs that were sampled for observation were stunted and normal (non-stunting) fish. The organs observed were the gills, muscles, and intestines. The results showed that stunted milkfish (Chanos chanos) affected the condition of the gill tissue, muscles, and intestines. The gills are edema and necrosis. Muscles undergo edema, degeneration of muscle fibers, and necrosis. The intestine experiences necrosis or cell death.
Keywords: Milkfish; Stunting; Histology.
Abstrak
Ikan Bandeng (Chanos chanos) merupakan ikan bernilai ekonomis penting. Ikan Bandeng banyak dikonsumsi karena mempunyai nilai gizi yang tinggi. Ikan bandeng juga dimanfaatkan sebagai umpan hidup untuk penangkapan ikan. Pada sistem budidaya ikan Bandeng peningkatan produksi menjadi faktor yang sangat penting. Salah satu upaya peningkatan produksi pada sistem budidaya ikan adalah dengan aplikasi padat tebar yang tinggi. Kendala penerapan padat penebaran yang tinggi menyebabkan pertumbuhan ikan Bandeng tidak seragam, bahkan beberapa diantaranya mengalami stunting yang merupakan suatu kondisi dimana ikan mengalami lambatnya pertumbuhan. Penelitian ini, bertujuan untuk mengamati kondisi jaringan ikan bandeng dengan pertumbuhan normal dan ikan yang mengalami stunting. Ikan Bandeng (Chanos chanos) yang digunakan adalah ikan yang telah dipelihara selama 6 bulan. Organ ikan yang menjadi sampel pengamatan adalah ikan yang mengalami stunting dan normal (non-stunting). Organ yang diamati adalah insang, otot, dan usus. Hasil penelitian menunjukan ikan Bandeng (Chanos chanos) yang mengalami stunting mempengaruhi kondisi jaringan insang, otot dan usus. Insang mengalami edema dan necrosis. Otot mengamali edema, degenerasi serabut otot, dan necrosis. Usus mengalami necrosis atau kematian sel.
Kata kunci: Ikan Bandeng, Stunting, Histologi
References
Adineh H, Naderi M, Hamidi MK, Harsij M. 2019. Biofloc technology improves growth, innate immune responses, oxidative status, and resistance to acute stress in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) under high stocking density. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 95: 440–448. DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.057
Arisandi A, Marsoedi, Nursyam H, Sartimbul A. 2011. Pengaruh salinitas yang berbeda terhadap morfologi, ukuran dan jumlah sel, pertumbuhan serta rendemen karaginan Kappaphycus alvarezii. Ilmu Kelautan, UNDIP 16(3): 143-150
Azhari A, Muchlisin ZA, Dewiyanti I. 2017. Pengaruh Padat Penebaran Terhadap Kelangsungan Hidup Dan Pertumbuhan Benih Ikan Seurukan (Osteochilus Vittatus). Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kelautan dan Perikanan Unsyiah, 2(1): 12-19
Barman UK, Garg SK, Bhatnagar A. 2012. Effect of Different Salinity and Ration Levels on Growth Performance and Nutritive Physiology of Milkfish, Chanos chanos (Forsskal) – Field and Laboratory Studies. Fisheries and Aquaculture Journal, 53: 1-11.
Beltran Jr. A, Lontoc Z, Conde B, Juan SR, Dizon JR. 2020.World Congress on Engineering and Technology; Innovation and its Sustainability 2018. EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-20904-9_10
Benjamin KB, Co EL, Competente JL, de Guzman DGH. 2019. Histopathological Effects of Bisphenol A on Soft Tissues of Corbicula fluminea Mull. Toxicol. Environ. Health. Sci., 11(1) : 36-44. DOI: 10.1007/s13530-019-0386-4
Bhuvaneshwari R, Padmanaban K, Rajendran BR. 2015. Histopathological Alterations in Muscle, Liver and Gill Tissues of Zebra Fish Danio Rerio due to Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Organochlo Rine Pesticides (OCPs) and Heavy Metals. Int. J. Environ. Res., 9(4): 1365-1372
Blythe J, Sulu R, Harohau D, Weeks R, Schwarz A, Mills D, Phillips M. 2017. Social Dynamics Shaping the Diffusion of Sustainable Aquaculture Innovations in the Solomon Islands. Sustainability, DOI: 10.3390/su9010126
Borlongan IG, Eusebio PS, Welsh T. 2003. Potential of feed pea (Pisum sativum) meal as a protein source in practical diets for milkfish (Chanos chanos, Forsskal). Aquaculture 225: 89–98
Budiasti RR, Anggoro S, Djuwito. 2015. Beban kerja osmotik dan sifat pertumbuhan ikan Bandeng (Chanos chanos Forskal) yang dibudidaya pada tambak tradisional di Desa Morosari Dan Desa Tambakbulusan Kabupaten Demak. Diponegoro Journal Of Maquares, 4(1): 169-176.
Burt JM, Hinch SG, Patterson DA. 2011. The importance of parentage in assessing temperature effects on fish early life history: a review of the experimental literature. Rev Fish Biol Fisheries, 21: 377–406. DOI: 10.1007/s11160-010-9179-1
Camargo MMP, Martinez CBR. 2007. Histopathology of gills, kidney and liver of a neotropical fish caged in an urban stream. Neotrop Ichthyol. 5(3): 327–336
Chang B, Chao W, Yeh S, Kuo D, Yang C. 2019. Biodegradation of Sulfamethoxazole in Milkfish (Chanos chanos) Pond Sediments. Appl. Sci., DOI: 10.3390/app9194000
Chang C, Huang J, Yeh C, Tang C, Hwang L, Lee T. 2018. Salinity Effects on Strategies of Glycogen Utilization in Livers of Euryhaline Milkfish (Chanos chanos) under Hypothermal Stress. Frontiers in Physiology, 9(81). DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00081
Chiang F, Sun C, Yu J. 2004. Technical efficiency analysis of milkfish (Chanos chanos) production in Taiwan—an application of the stochastic frontier production function. Aquaculture 230: 99– 116. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.09.038
Dohaish EJAB. 2018. Impact of some heavy metals present in the coastal area of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia on the gills, intestine and liver tissues of Lutjanus monostigma. Journal of Environmental Biology, 39: 253-260. DOI: 10.22438/jeb/39/2/PRN-121
Faisyal Y, Rejeki S, Widowati LL. 2016. Pengaruh padat tebar terhadap pertumbuhan dan kelulushidupan ikan Bandeng (Chanos chanos) di keramba jaring apung di perairan terabrasi Desa Kaliwlingi Kabupaten Brebes. Journal of Aquaculture Management and Technology, 5(1): 155-161.
Hanna MI, Shaheed IB, Elias NS (2005) A Contribution on Chromium and Lead Toxicity in Cultured (Oreochromis niloticus). Egyption J. Aquat. Biol. Fish., (9): 177-209
Haredi AMM, Mourad M, Tanekhy M, Wassif E, Abdel‑Tawab HS (2020) Lake Edku pollutants induced biochemical and histopathological alterations in muscle tissues of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Toxicol. Environ. Health. Sci. DOI: 10.1007/s13530-020-00042-w
Haser TF, Febri SP, Nurdin MS. 2018. Pengaruh perbedaan suhu terhadap sintasan ikan Bandeng (Chanos chanos Forskall). Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pertanian dan Perikanan, Vol 1: 239-242.
Ibrahim SA, Tayel SI. 2005. Effect of heavy metals on gills of Tilapia zillii inhabiting the River Nile water (Damietta branch) and El-Rahawy drain. Egypt. J. Aquat. Biol. and Fish, 9: 111-128.
Jana SN, Garg SK, Patra BC. 2006. Effect of inland water salinity on growth performance and nutritional physiology in growing milkfish, Chanos chanos (Forsskal): field and laboratory studies. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 22: 25–34
Kale VS. 2016. Consequence of temperature, Ph, turbidity and dissolved oxygen water quality parameters. Int J Adv Res Sci Eng Technol 3:186–190
Korun J, Timur G. 2008. Marine Vibrios Associated With Diseased Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) In Turkey. Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 2(1): 66-76. DOI: 10.3153/jfscom.2008007
Lalramchhani C, Balasubramanian CP, Panigrahi A, Ghoshal TK, Das S, Shyne-Anand PS, Vijayan KK. 2019. Polyculture of Indian white shrimp (Penaeus indicus) with milkfish (Chanos chanos) and its effect on growth performances, water quality and microbial load in brackishwater pond. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue 86: 43-48
Lingam SS, Sawant PB, Chadha NK, Prasad KP, Muralidhar AP, Syamala K, Xavier KAM. 2019. Duration of stunting impacts compensatory growth and carcass quality of farmed milkfish, Chanos chanos (Forsskal, 1775) under field conditions.Scientific Reports, 9:16747. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53092-7
Malle S, Tawali AB, Tahir MM, Bilang M. 2019. Nutrient composition of milkfish (Chanos chanos, Forskal) from Pangkep, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Mal J Nutr 25(1): 155-162. DOI: 10.31246/mjn-2018-0105
Mirera DO. 2019. Small-scale milkfish (Chanos chanos) farming in Kenya: An overview of the trends and dynamics of production. WIO Journal of Marine Science, 18(2): 11-24. DOI: 10.4314/wiojms.v18i2.2
Mmochi AJ, Mwandya AW. 2003. Water quality in the integrated mariculture ponds systems (IMS) at Makoba Bay, Zanzibar, Tanzania. Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science, 2: 15-23
Murnyak DF, Murnyak MO, Wolgast LJ. 2015. Growth of Stunted and Nonstunted Bluegill Sunfish in Ponds. The Progressive Fish-Culturist, 46(2): 133-138. DOI: 10.1577/1548-8640(1984)46<133:GOSANB>2.0.CO;2
Mwangamilo JJ, Jiddawi NS. 2003. Nutritional Studies and Development of a Practical Feed for Milkfish (Chanos chanos) Culture in Zanzibar, Tanzania. Western Indian Ocean J. Mar. Sci. 2(2): 137–146.
Ofori-Mensah S, Nunoo FKE, Atsu DK. 2018. Effects of stocking density on growth and survival of young Gulf killifish in recirculating aquaculture systems, Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 30(4): 297-311. DOI: 10.1080/10454438.2018.1468295
Pranata A, Raharjo EI, Farida. 2017. Pengaruh padat tebar terhadap laju pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup larva ikan Gurame (Osphronemus gouramy). Jurnal Ruaya, 5(1): 01-06
Prasetio E, Raharjo EI, Ispandi. 2016. Pengaruh padat tebar terhadap pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup benih ikan Jelawat (Leptobarbus hoeveni). Jurnal Ruaya, 4(1): 54-59
Poleksic V, Lenhardt M, Jaric I, Djordjevic D, Gacic Z, Cvijanovic G, Raskovic B. 2010. Liver, Gills, And Skin Histopathology And Heavy Metal Content Of The Danube Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus Linnaeus, 1758). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 29(3): 515–521
Pörtner, H. O. (2009). Oxygen- and capacity-limitation of thermal tolerance: a matrix for integrating climate-related stressor effects in marine ecosystems. J. Exp. Biol. 213: 881–893. DOI: 10.1242/jeb.037523
Rajeshkumar S, Munuswamy N. 2011. Impact of metals on histopathology and expression of HSP 70 in different tissues of Milk fish (Chanos chanos) of Kaattuppalli Island, South East Coast, India. Chemosphere 83: 415–421. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.12.086
Rinaldi AC, Adhawati SS, Mallawa A. 2019. Feasibility of Pole-and-Line Fishery: Comparison of Milkfish (Chanos chanos,Forskal) and Anchovy (Stolephorus sp.) as Live Bait. IJEAB, 4(5): 1567-1572
Santander-de Leon SMS, Reichardt W, Peralta-Milan S, Diego-McGlone MLS, Nuñal SN, Wei H, Yoshikawa T, Okunishi S, Maeda H. 2015. Bacterial community composition of sediments from a milkfish Chanos chanos Forsskal farm. Aquaculture Research, 1–13. DOI: 10.1111/are.12705
Saraswati SA, Sari AHW. 2017. Kajian kualitas air dan penilaian kesesuaian tambak dalam upaya pengembangan budidaya ikan Bandeng (Chanos chanos Forskal) di Desa Pemuteran Kecamatan Gerokgak, Kabupaten Buleleng. Samakia: Jurnal Ilmu Perikanan, 8(2): 01-05.
Simanjuntak M. 2009. Hubungan Faktor Lingkungan Kimia Fisika Terhadap Distribusi Plankton Di Perairan Belitung Timur, Bangka Belitung. Journal Of Fisheries Sciences, 11(1): 31-45
Sulistijowati R, Mile L. 2016. Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolates from Intestine of Milkfish (Chanos-Chanos) Potential Activity against Pathogen Bacteria Used PCR 18s Rrna Methode. International Journal of Bio-Science and Bio-Technology, 8(3): 127-134. DOI: 10.14257/ijbsbt.2016.8.3.13
Varsamos S, Nebel C, Charmantier G. 2005. Ontogeny of osmoregulation in postembryonic fish: A review. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A 141: 401– 429. DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.01.013
Vasava R, Shrivastava V, Mahavadiya D, Sapra D, Vadher D. 2018. Nutritional and Feeding Reuirement of Milk Fish (Chanos chanos). Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 6 (2): 1210-1215. DOI: 10.18782/2320-7051.6463
Younis EM, Abdel-Warith AA, Al-Asgah NA, Ebaid H, Mubarak M. 2013. Histological Changes in the Liver and Intestine of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, Exposed to Sublethal Concentrations of Cadmium. Pakistan J. Zool., 45(3): 833-841
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
COPYRIGHT
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors hold their copyright and grant this journal the privilege of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that permits others to impart the work with an acknowledgment of the work's origin and initial publication by this journal.
Authors can enter into separate or additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (for example, post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its underlying publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (for example, in institutional repositories or on their website) as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of the published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
