Study Feeding Different Food Types to The Growth and Survival Rate of Nile Fingerlings, Oreochromis niloticus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35800/jip.v10i2.43127Keywords:
azolla, commercial pellet feed, fingerlings, growth, survival rateAbstract
All operations of aquaculture production rely upon the 60% of feed role as an energy source and nutrition for the growth and survival rate of aquatic organisms, especially tilapia fish. This research aims to study feeding different food types to the growth and survival rate of tilapia fingerlings. A sample of fingerlings was derived from the Centre for Aquaculture Production Business Service (BLUPPB) Karawang and reared in Aquaculture Teaching Factory. The fingerlings were stocked with as many as 5 ind/L with three treatments i.e Azolla (P1), artificial feed (P2), and a combination of Azolla and artificial feed (P3). The growth-based length of fingerlings fed by Azolla (P1) is 6 – 7.76 cm, commercial pellet feed (P2) 6 – 11.81 cm, and combination Azolla and commercial pellet feed 6-9.36 cm. The growth-based weight of fingerlings fed by Azolla (P1) is 4 – 5.87 g, commercial pellet feed 4 – 25.11 g, and a combination of Azolla and commercial pellet feed 4 – 11.27 g. The survival rate of fingerlings fed by Azolla is 23%, commercial pellet feed 88%, and combination Azolla and commercial pellet feed 91%.
Keywords: Azolla, commercial pellet feed, fingerlings, growth, survival rate
Abstrak
Seluruh operasional produksi akuakultur sangat bergantung dari 60% peran pakan sebagai sumber nutrisi dan energi bagi pertumbuhan dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup organisme akuatik dalam hal ini ikan nila. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan studi terkait pemberian jenis pakan berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup benih ikan nila. Sampel benih ikan nila berasal dari Balai Layanan Usaha Produksi Perikanan Budidaya (BLUPPB) Karawang dan dipelihara di Teachign Factory Budidaya Ikan. Ikan yang dipelihara adalah sebanyak 5 ind/L dengan tiga perlakuan meliputi pakan azolla (P1), pakan pellet komersil (P2) dan kombinasi palat azolla dan pellet komersil (P3). Pertumbuhan panjang ikan yang diberikan perlakuan pakan azolla (P1) adalah 6 - 7.76 cm, pakan pellet komersial (P2) 6 - 11.81 cm dan perlakuan kombinasi pakan pellet komersil dan azolla (P3) 6 - 9.36 cm. Pertumbuhan berat ikan dari perlakuan pakan azolla (P1) 4 – 5.87 g, perlakuan pellet komersial (P2) 4 – 25.11 g dan perlakuan kombinasi pakan pellet komersil dan azolla (P3) 4 – 11.27 g. Tingkat kelangsungan hidup benih ikan nila yang diberikan perlakuan pakan azolla adalah sebesar 23%, pakan pellet komersil 88% dan kombinasi pakan azolla dan pellet komersil adalah 91%.
Kata Kunci: azolla, benih, pakan pellet komersil, pertumbuhan, tingkat kelangsungan hidup.
References
Akalu, B. 2021. The Main Factors Affecting Growth Performance of Oreochromis niloticus L., (1758) in Aquaculture System. J Fisheries Livest Prod, Vol 9(8). DOI: 10.4172/2332-2608.1000310. https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/the-main-factors-affecting-growth-performance-of-oreochromis-niloticus-l-1758-in-aquaculture-system-116958.html.
Atema, J and Cobb J. S. 1980. Social Behavior in the Biology and Management of Lobster: Physiology and Behavior. Cobb, J. S. and B. F. Phillips, (Eds). Academic press. New York.
Badan Standarisasi Nasional. BSN, 2009. SNI Produksi Benih Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) Kelas Pembesaran di Kolam Air Tenang SNI 7550:2009, Jakarta. https://adoc.pub/produksi-ikan-nila-oreochromis-niloticus-bleeker-kelas-pembe.html.
Direktur Jenderal Perikanan Budidaya. 2020. Rencana Strategis Tahun 2020-2024. Direktorat Jenderal Perikanan Budidaya: Jakarta. https://kkp.go.id/an-component/media/upload-gambar-pendukung/DJPB/Renstra%202020%20-%202024/4.%20Renstra%20DJPB%202020-2024.pdf. Diakses 30 November 2021.
El-Sayed, AF. M. 2002. Effects of Stocking Density and Feeding Efficiency of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fry. Aquaculture Research, 2002, 33, 621-626. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2109.2002.00700.x. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230147561_Effects_of_stocking_density_and_feeding_levels_on_growth_and_feed_efficiency_of_Nile_tilapia_Oreochromis_niloticus_L_fry.
El-Sherif, M. S. and El-Feky, A. M. I. 2009. Performance of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fingerlings. I. Effect of pH. Int. J. Agric. Biol., 11: 297–300. http://www.fspublishers.org/published_papers/51107_..pdf.
El-Sherif, M.S. and A.M.I. El-Feky, 2009. Performance of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fingerlings. II. Influence of Different Water Temperatures. Int. J. Agric. Biol., 11: 301–305. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334459413_Performance_of_Nile_Tilapia_Oreochromis_niloticus_Fingerlings_II_Influence_of_Different_Water_Temperatures.
Engdaw, F., Dadebo, E and Nagappan, R. 2013. Morphometric Relationships and Feeding Habit of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.) (Pisces: Cichilidae) from Lake Koka, Ethiopia. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2(4): 65-71, 2013. ISSN: 2049-8411; e-ISSN: 2049-842X. https://maxwellsci.com/print/ijfas/v2-65-71.pdf.
Fessehaye, Y., Rezk, M., Bovenhuis, H and Komen, H. 2004. Size Dependent Cannibalism in Juvenile Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). 6th International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture Philippine International Convention Center Roxas Boulevard, Manila, Philippines September 12-16, 2004. Proceedings: New Dimension on Farmed Tilapia. https://cals.arizona.edu/azaqua/ista/ista6/ista6web/pdf/230.pdf.
Handayani, H. 2006. Optimalisasi Substitusi Tepung Azolla Terfermentasi pada Pakan Ikan untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas Ikan Nila Gift. Jurnal Teknik Industri 12(2):177. February 2012. DOI: 10.22219/JTIUMM.Vol12.No2.177-181. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318821610_Optimalisasi_Substitusi_Tepung_Azolla_Terfermentasi_Pada_Pakan_Ikan_Untuk_Meningkatkan_Produktivitas_Ikan_Nila_Gift.
Karimah, U., Samidjan, I dan Pinandoyo. 2018. Performa Pertumbuhan dan Kelulushidupan Ikan Nila Gift (Oreochromis niloticus) yang Diberi Jumlah Pakan yang Berbeda. Journal of Aquaculture Management and Technology, Volume 7, Nomor 1, Tahun 2018, Halaman 128-135. https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/jamt/article/download/20378/19210
Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Kemaritiman dan Investasi. 2021. Laporan Kinerja 2020. Deputi Bidang Koordinasi Sumberdaya Maritim: Jakarta. https://maritim.go.id/konten/unggahan/2021/07/20210212-Laporan-Kinerja-Deputi-SD-Maritim-Tahun-2020-2-2.pdf.
Kusuma, B., Perdana, A. W., Astuti, R. T., Waluyo, E dan Yufidasari, H. S. 2019. Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Quality from Pasar Besar Malang. Journal of Aquaculture Development and Environment, Volume 2, No. 1, March 2019. P-ISSN 2654-4458; E-ISSN 2655-545X. https://jurnal.untidar.ac.id/index.php/jade/article/view/1203/pdf.
Kuncarawati, I. L., Husen, S., dan Rukhiyat. M. 2005. Aplikasi Teknologi Pupuk Organik Azolla pada Budidaya Padi di Sawah di Desa Mandesan Kecamatan Selopuro Kabupaten Blitar. Jurnal Dedikasi, Volume 3, Nopember 2005. https://ejournal.umm.ac.id/index.php/dedikasi/article/view/931/986.
Leonard, J. N & Skov, P. V. 2022. Capacity for Thermal Adaptation in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Effect s on Oxygen Uptake and Ventilation. Journal of Thermal Biology, volume 105, April 2022, 103206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103206. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306456522000213.
Los, J and Podsedek, A. 2004. Tannins from Different Foodstuffs as Trypsin Inhibitors. Pol. J. Food Nutr. Sci. 2004, Vol. 13/54, No 1, pp. 51–55. http://journal.pan.olsztyn.pl/TANNINS-FROM-DIFFERENT-FOODSTUFFS-AS-TRYPSIN-INHIBITORS-,97770,0,2.html.
Lugert, V., Thaller, G., Tetens, J., Schulz, C., and Krieter, J. (2014). A Review on Fish Growth Calculation: Multiple Functions in Fish Production and Their Specific Application. Reviews in Aquaculture, 8(1), 30–42. doi:10.1111/raq.12071. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/raq.12071.
Marzuqi, M., Astuti, N. W. W., dan Suwirya, K. 2012. Pengaruh Kadar Protein dan Rasio Pemberian Pakan terhadap Pertumbuhan Ikan Kerapu Macan (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus). Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, Vol. 4, No. 1, Hlm. 55-65, Juni 2012. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/101033-ID-none.pdf.
Morato, T., Afonso, P., Lourinho, P., Barreiros, J. P., Santos, R. S., and Nash, R. D. M. 2001. Short Communication: Length-Weight Relationships for 21 Coastal Fish Species of the Azores, North-Eastern Atlantic. Fisheries Research 50 (2001) 297-302. DOI: 10.1016/S0165-7836(00)00215-0. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222571350_Length-weight_relationships_for_21_coastal_fish_species_of_the_Azores_north-eastern_Atlantic.
Pantastico, Pantastico, J.B., Dangilan, M.M.A., and Eguia, R.V. 1988. Cannibalism Among Different Sizes of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fry/Fingerlings and the Effect of Natural Food. The Second International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture 15, 465. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=en&lr=&id=k6UTNUgLXMIC&oi=fnd&pg=PA465&dq=info:JxUqjokNbskJ:scholar.google.com&ots=BXnGhIK-s0&sig=0D4G_osflKkd0ijUpgNFcgu7ngw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Pauly, D. 1984. Some Simple Methods for The Assessment of Tropical Fish Stocks. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 234: 52p. Rome. https://www.fao.org/3/X6845E/X6845E00.HTM#toc.
Pilly, T. V. R and Kutty, M. N. 2005. Aquaculture: Principles and Practices. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. The UK.
Purbomartono, C., Hartoyo dan Kurniawan, A. 2009. Pertumbuhan Kompensasi pada Ikan Nila Merah (Oreochromis niloticus) dengan Interval Waktu Pemuasaan yang Berbeda. J. Fish. Sci.) XI (1): 19-24 ISSN: 0853-6384. https://doi.org/10.22146/jfs.2967 . https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jfs/article/view/2967.
Putranti, G. P., Subandiyono dan Pinandoyo. 2015. Pengaruh Protein dan Eenergi yang Berbeda pada Pakan Buatan terhadap Efisiensi Pemanfataan Pakan dan Pertumbuhan Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio). Journal of Aquaculture Management and Technology, Volume 4, Nomor 3, Tahun 2015, Halaman 38-45. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/94687-ID-none.pdf.
Putri, T. A., Maya, S and Santanumurti, M. B. 2020. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fish Hatchery Technique: The Survival Rate Evaluation in IBAT Pandaan, Pasuruan, East Java. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 441 (2020) 012052. 2nd International Conference on Fisheries and Marine Science. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/441/1/012052. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/441/1/012052/pdf.
Reboucas, V. T., Lima, F. R. D. S., Cavalcante, D. D. H and Carmo e Sa, M. V. D. 2016. Reassessment of the Suitable Range of Water pH for Culture of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L. in Eutropic Water. Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences. Maringá, v. 38, n. 4, p. 361-368, Oct-Dec., 2016. DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v38i4.32051. https://www.scielo.br/j/asas/a/L7bdkVNYVZC6sVhcWQpmRcC/?format=pdf&lang=en.
Rypel, A. L and Richter, T. J. 2008. Empirical Percentile Standard Weight Equation for the Blacktail Redhorse. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 28:1843-1846. DOI:10.1577/MO7-193.1. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Empirical-Percentile-Standard-Weight-Equation-for-Rypel-Richter/f994a7c981fd83ab1850b6ad89c602a3bbcb476e.
Safran, P. 1992. Theoretical Analysis of the Weight-Length Realtionship in Fish Juveniles. Marine Biology 112, 545-551 (1992). DOI: 10.1007/BF00346171. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225227134_Theoretical_analysis_of_the_weight-length_relationship_in_fish_juveniles.
Satia, Y., Octorina, P dan Yulfiperius. 2011. Kebiasaan Makanan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) di Danau Bekas Galian Pasir Gekbrong Cianjur – Jawa Barat. Jurnal AGROAQUA, Vol. 9 No. 1 Juni 2011. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317102624_KEBIASAAN_MAKANAN_IKAN_NILA_Oreochromis_niloticus_DI_DANAU_BEKAS_GALIAN_PASIR_GEKBRONG_CIANJUR_-_JAWA_BARAT.
Saufie, S., Estim, A., Tamin, M., Harun, A., Obong, S and Mustafa, S. 2015. Growth Performance of Tomato Plant and Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia in Combined Aquaponic Systems. Asian Journal of Agricultural Research, 9: 95-103. https://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=ajar.2015.95.103.
Setiawati, S. D dan Pangaribuan, R. D. 2017. Studi Makanan dan Pertumbuhan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) di Rawa Biru Distrik Sota Kabupaten Merauke. Jurnal Fisherina 2017, Volume 1 Nomor 1 ISSN: 2579-4051. http://jurnal.una.ac.id/index.php/fisherina/article/view/170/147.
Shalloof, K. A. S., El-Far, A. M., & Aly, W. (2020). Feeding Habits and Trophic Levels of Cichlid Species in Tropical Reservoir, Lake Nasser, Egypt. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 46 (2), 159–165. DOI:10.1016/j.ejar.2020.04.001. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1687428520300339.
Soleh, M., Siswanto, Permana, D., Naryaningsih, A dan Raharjo, S. 2020. Petunjuk Teknis Pendederan Ikan Nila Oreochromis sp. dalam Media Salin. Balai Besar Perikanan Budidaya Air Payau (BBPBAP): Jepara. https://kkp.go.id/an-component/media/upload-gambar-pendukung/DJPB_BBPBAP%20JEPARA/UNDUHAN/Juknis%20Pendederan%20Nila%20Salin.pdf.
Taufik, T., Firdus, F., dan Arisa, I. I. 2016. Pertumbuhan Benih Ikan Bawal Air Tawar (Colossoma macropomum) pada Pemberian Pakan Alami yang Berbeda. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kelautan dan Perikanan Unsyiah. Volume 1, Nomor 3: 355-365 November 2016 ISSN. 2527-6395. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/187605-ID-pertumbuhan-benih-ikan-bawal-air-tawar-c.pdf.
Wardoyo, S. E. 2007. Ternyata Ikan Nila, Oreochromis niloticus Mempunyai Potensi yang Besar Untuk Dikembangkan. Media Akuakultur, Volume 2 Nomor 1. http://ejournal-balitbang.kkp.go.id/index.php/ma/article/view/2805/2307.
Zonneveld, N., Huisman, E.A dan Boon, J. H. 1991. Prinsip-Prinsip Budidaya Ikan. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Jakarta.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
COPYRIGHT
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors hold their copyright and grant this journal the privilege of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that permits others to impart the work with an acknowledgment of the work's origin and initial publication by this journal.
Authors can enter into separate or additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (for example, post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its underlying publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (for example, in institutional repositories or on their website) as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of the published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
