The Potential of Kappaphycus alvarezii as a Phytoremediator in Tilapia Aquaculture: Potential, Challenges, and an Integrated Approach
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35800/jip.v14i2.67137Keywords:
Kappaphycus alvarezii, tilapia, phytoremediation, IMTA, aquaculture sustainabilityAbstract
Aquakultur kini menjadi tulang punggung ketahanan pangan global, namun dibayang-bayangi oleh tantangan keberlanjutan akibat limbah nutrien dan degradasi lingkungan. Rumput laut merah Kappaphycus alvarezii, berkat kemampuannya menyerap amonia, nitrat, dan fosfat secara efisien, menawarkan solusi berbasis ekologi melalui integrasi dalam sistem Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) berbasis ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Studi ini meninjau potensi phytoremediasi, manfaat teknis, serta kelayakan ekonomi dari integrasi tersebut. Hasil menunjukkan peningkatan kualitas air, pengurangan kebutuhan pergantian air, serta perbaikan kesehatan ikan. Selain itu, K. alvarezii memberikan peluang diversifikasi produk bernilai seperti karagenan dan biostimulan pertanian. Namun, implementasi dihadapkan pada tantangan signifikan seperti ketidaksesuaian salinitas, penyakit "ice-ice", epifit, serta kebutuhan pascapanen yang efisien. Analisis kelayakan menunjukkan bahwa skala dan efisiensi sangat menentukan keberhasilan ekonomi. Rekomendasi strategis mencakup pengembangan varietas toleran, optimasi rasio biomassa, serta dukungan kebijakan insentif lingkungan. Dengan pendekatan lintas sektor, *K. alvarezii* berpotensi besar sebagai penggerak transformasi akuakultur nila yang lebih sirkular dan berkelanjutan.
Kata Kunci
Kappaphycus alvarezii; ikan nila; fitotoremediasi; IMTA; keberlanjutan akuakultur
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