Implementation of Quota-Based Measured Fishing and Its Perceived Impacts on Local Fishers and Fisheries Businesses in Bitung, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35800/jip.v14i2.68868Keywords:
fisheries policy, measured fishing, catch quota, local fishers, fisheries businesses, PLS-SEMAbstract
Indonesia’s quota-based Measured Fishing Policy (Penangkapan Ikan Terukur, PIT) shifts capture fisheries management toward catch-based output control. This study examined PIT implementation in Bitung and its association with the perceived socioeconomic conditions of local fishers and the activity and sustainability of fisheries businesses. The study was conducted from March to June 2026 using a quantitative approach supported by semi-structured interviews and document review. Fifty-one respondents, comprising local fishers and fisheries business actors, were purposively selected. Policy implementation was measured through communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure based on the Edwards III framework. Questionnaire data were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) in SmartPLS 4. All indicators had outer loadings above 0.70, while average variance extracted, Cronbach’s alpha, and composite reliability met the criteria for convergent validity and internal consistency. In the fisher model, the four implementation dimensions explained 76.0% of the variance in perceived socioeconomic conditions (R²=0.760), with resources as the only positive and significant dimension (β=0.755; p=0.020). In the business model, 56.4% of the variance in business activity and sustainability was explained (R²=0.564), and communication was the only positive and significant dimension (β=0.417; p=0.002). The findings indicate that PIT requires differentiated implementation strategies: stronger resource support for local fishers and consistent regulatory communication for fisheries businesses. Path estimates in the fisher model should be interpreted cautiously because three implementation dimensions showed high multicollinearity.
Keywords: fisheries policy; measured fishing; catch quota; local fishers; fisheries businesses; PLS-SEM
Abstrak. Kebijakan Penangkapan Ikan Terukur (PIT) mengarahkan pengelolaan perikanan tangkap Indonesia pada pengendalian hasil berbasis kuota. Penelitian ini menganalisis implementasi PIT di Kota Bitung serta hubungannya dengan persepsi kondisi sosial ekonomi nelayan lokal dan aktivitas serta keberlanjutan usaha perikanan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Maret-Juni 2026 menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang didukung wawancara semi-terstruktur dan telaah dokumen. Sebanyak 51 responden yang terdiri atas nelayan lokal dan pelaku usaha perikanan dipilih secara purposif. Implementasi kebijakan diukur melalui dimensi komunikasi, sumber daya, disposisi, dan struktur birokrasi berdasarkan model Edwards III. Data kuesioner dianalisis menggunakan partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) dengan SmartPLS 4. Seluruh indikator memiliki outer loading lebih dari 0,70, sedangkan nilai average variance extracted, Cronbach’s alpha, dan composite reliability memenuhi kriteria validitas konvergen dan konsistensi internal. Pada model nelayan, keempat dimensi implementasi menjelaskan 76,0% variasi persepsi kondisi sosial ekonomi (R²=0,760), dengan sumber daya sebagai satu-satunya dimensi yang berhubungan positif dan signifikan (β=0,755; p=0,020). Pada model pelaku usaha, 56,4% variasi aktivitas dan keberlanjutan usaha dapat dijelaskan (R²=0,564), dan komunikasi merupakan satu-satunya dimensi yang berhubungan positif dan signifikan (β=0,417; p=0,002). Temuan menunjukkan bahwa penerapan PIT memerlukan strategi yang berbeda menurut kelompok sasaran, yaitu penguatan dukungan sumber daya bagi nelayan lokal dan komunikasi regulasi yang konsisten bagi pelaku usaha. Estimasi jalur pada model nelayan perlu ditafsirkan secara hati-hati karena terdapat multi kolinearitas tinggi pada tiga dimensi implementasi.
Kata kunci: kebijakan perikanan; penangkapan ikan terukur; kuota penangkapan; nelayan lokal; pelaku usaha perikanan; PLS-SEM
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