Gambaran Karakteristik Pasien Anak dengan Epilepsi di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/ecl.v14i2.66622Keywords:
epilepsi; anak; terapi untuk epilepsiAbstract
Abstract: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder with a high incidence rate in children, characterized by recurrent seizures due to abnormal electric activity in the brain, which disrupts brain function and affects children's mental health, thinking abilities, and social interactions. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of pediatric patients with epilepsy in the Department of Pediatrics, Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou General Hospital, Manado. This was a retrospective and descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach based on the medical records of pediatric patients aged 1–17 years during the periods of 2023–2024. The variables studied included age, gender, seizure type, EEG results, and the administered antiepileptic therapy. The results showed that out of 60 pediatric patients with epilepsy, there was an increase in cases from 24 patients (2023) to 36 patients (2024), with the largest age group being 1–4 years (48.3%) and the majority being male (58.3%). The most common type of seizure was focal seizures (73.3%), and abnormal EEG results were found in 93.3% of patients. Most patients received monotherapy (78.3%), mainly valproic acid (58.3%), while the most common combination in polytherapy was valproic acid and levetiracetam (8.3%). In conclusion, epilepsy in children at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou General Hospital in Manado was most commonly found in males aged 1–4 years with focal seizures, abnormal EEG results, and the most common therapy being valproic acid.
Keywords: epilepsy; children; therapies for epilepsy
Abstrak: Epilepsi merupakan gangguan neurologis dengan angka kejadian yang tinggi pada anak, ditandai dengan kejang berulang akibat aktivitas listrik di otak yang abnormal, sehingga mengganggu fungsi otak dan berdampak pada kesehatan mental, kemampuan berpikir, serta interaksi sosial anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran karakteristik pasien anak dengan epilepsi di Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Anak RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif retrospektif dengan desain potong lintang berdasarkan data rekam medik pasien anak usia 1–17 tahun selama periode 2023–2024. Variabel penelitian meliputi usia, jenis kelamin, jenis kejang, hasil EEG, dan terapi antiepilepsi yang diberikan. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan dari 60 pasien anak dengan epilepsi, terjadi peningkatan kasus dari 24 pasien (2023) menjadi 36 pasien (2024), dengan kelompok usia terbanyak 1–4 tahun (48,3%) dan mayoritas berjenis kelamin laki-laki (58,3%). Jenis kejang terbanyak ialah kejang fokal (73,3%) dan hasil EEG abnormal ditemukan pada 93,3% pasien. Sebagian besar pasien menerima monoterapi (78,3%), terutama asam valproat (58,3%), sedangkan kombinasi terbanyak pada politerapi ialah asam valproat dan levetirasetam (8,3%). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah epilepsi pada anak di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado paling sering ditemukan pada laki-laki usia 1–4 tahun dengan kejang fokal, hasil EEG abnormal, dan mendapat terapi asam valproat.
Kata kunci: epilepsi; anak; terapi untuk epilepsi
References
1. World Health Organization (WHO). Improving the lives of people with epilepsy: a technical brief. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240064072
2. World Health Organization. Epilepsy. 2024. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/epilepsy
3. Adamu A, Chen R, Li A, Xue G. Epilepsy in Asian countries. Acta Epileptologica. 2023;5(1):2. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s42494-023-00136-1
4. Angelia C, Suryakanto M. Prevalensi dan insidensi epilepsi pada anak dan remaja di Indonesia tahun 2018-2023. Syntax Literate. 2025;10(2):1757–67. Doi: https://doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v10i2.56786
5. Fitriyani F, Januarti RW. Diagnosis dan tatalaksana epilepsi. Medical Profession Journal of Lampung. 2023;13(6):941-4. Doi: https://doi.org/10.53089/medula.v13i6.822
6. Sahira N, Herlina. Epilepsi. Galenical. 2024;3(6):63–73. Doi: https://doi.org/10.29103/jkkmm.v3i6.19096
7. Beniczky S, Trinka E, Wirrell E, Abdulla F, Al Baradie R, Vanegas AM, et al. Updated classification of epileptic seizures: Position paper of the International League Against Epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2025; 66(6): 1804–23. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.18338
8. Zakiyati NI, Yuniati, Muhyi A. Gambaran faktor risiko pasien epilepsi anak. Jurnal Kedokteran Mulawarman. 2024;11(2):3. Doi: https://doi.org/10.30872/jkm.v11i2.10342
9. Biset G, Abebaw N, Gebeyehu NA, Estifanos N, Birrie E, Tegegne KD. Prevalence, incidence, and trends of epilepsy among children and adolescents in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2024; 24(1):2. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18236-z
10. Sari S, Siska, Ismet I. Gambaran karakteristik epilepsi pada pasien anak di Ruang Rawat Inap RSUD Arifin Achmad Provinsi Riau. Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran. 2024;18(2):113–20. Doi: https://doi.org/ 10.26891/JIK.v18i2.2024.113-120
11. Husna M, Rahma A. Analisis demografi epilepsi pediatrik di Rumah Sakit Saiful Anwar Malang Indonesia. Majalah Kesehatan. 2024;11(4):285–92. Doi: https://doi.org/10.21776/ majalahkesehatan.2024.011.04.6
12. Kamila KK, Maliawan S, Niryana IW, Wardhana DPW. Gambaran karakteristik pasien epilepsi di RSUP Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah periode Januari – Desember 2023. Intisari Sains Medis. 2025;16(1):273–9. Doi: https://doi.org/10.15562/ism.v16i1.2304
13. Kumala S, Suryakanto M, Sinolungan J, Karema W. Demographic characteristics, clinical profile, and child electroencephalography (EEG) pattern in Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. Jurnal Sinaps. 2020;3(2):53-7. Available from: https://jurnalsinaps.com/index.php/sinaps/article/view/108
14. Vera-González A. Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the etiologies of seizures and epilepsy (Chapter 1). In: Czuczwar SJ, editor. Epilepsy. Brisbane (AU): Exon Publications; 2022. Doi: 10.36255/exon-publications-epilepsy-pathopysiology
15. Holmes GL. Generalized seizures. In: Ashwal S, Pearl PL, editors. Swaiman's Pediatric Neurology (7th ed). New York: Elsevier; 2024. p. 792–9.e1. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-10944-7.00086-X
16. Vikin T, Lossius MI, Brandlistuen RE, Chin RF, Aaberg KM. Incidence of childhood and youth epilepsy: a population-based prospective cohort study utilizing current International League Against Epilepsy classifications for seizures, syndromes, and etiologies. Epilepsia. 2025;66(3):776–89. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.18238
17. Susanti PT, Made N, Mahalini DS. Characteristics and features of electroencephalography (EEG) in children with epilepsy. Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience. 2020;4(4):76–81. Doi: https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cnn.20200404.12
18. Permana YN, Putranti AH, Setiawan H. Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi gambaran elektroensefalografi interiktal anak yang menderita epilepsi. Sari Pediatri. 2020;22(1):13. Doi: https://doi.org/10.14238/sp22.1.2020.13-7
19. Handriyati A, Utami TM, Halim W. Karakteristik penderita epilepsi pada anak di RSU Anutapura Palu. Medika Alkhairaat. 2024;6(1):387-94. Doi: https://doi.org/10.31970/ma.v6i1.179
20. Sankar T, Dilleban J, Sundaresan L, Rahima, Deephiha E, Divya S, et al. Drug utilization review of antiepileptic medications in pediatric patients: insights from a rural secondary care hospital. Journal of Chemical Health Risks. 2025;15(3):1945–51. Available from: https://jchr.org/index.php/JCHR/article/view/8605
21. Agustina S, Widjaja JS, Puspasari R. Penggunaan asam valproat pada pasien epilepsi di Poliklinik Saraf Rumah Sakit Tingkat III Brawijaya Surabaya periode Maret-Agustus 2021. Cermin Dunia Kedokteran. 2022;49(3):126–8. Doi: https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v49i3.203
22. Nurullah AAA, Irfana L, Triastuti N. Perbedaan efek monoterapi dan politerapi obat anti epilepsi (OAE) terhadap kekambuhan kejang pada pasien epilepsi di Rumah Sakit Siti Khodijah Sepanjang. Jurnal Medis Umum. 2025;2(2):92–9. Doi: https://doi.org/10.30651/jmu.v2i2.25668
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Astrid Zafira, Praevilia M. Salendu, Suryadi N. N. Tatura
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
COPYRIGHT
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors hold their copyright and grant this journal the privilege of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that permits others to impart the work with an acknowledgment of the work's origin and initial publication by this journal.
Authors can enter into separate or additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (for example, post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its underlying publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (for example, in institutional repositories or on their website) as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of the published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
