Performance of Shipboard Sewage Treatment Plants in Reducing Total Coliform and Biochemical Oxygen Demand in Domestic Wastewater from Pioneer Passenger Vessels on the R-36 Route
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35800/jip.v14i2.68726Keywords:
Biochemical Oxygen Demand, domestic wastewater, pioneer passenger vessel, Sewage Treatment Plant, Total ColiformAbstract
Ship-generated domestic wastewater is a potential source of organic and microbiological pollution in port waters, particularly in areas with intensive passenger vessel operations. This study evaluated the performance of Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) in reducing Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Total Coliform in domestic wastewater from two pioneer passenger vessels operating on the R-36 route at Bitung and Likupang Ports, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Wastewater samples were collected from two treatment stages: WP I, representing the inlet or pre-treatment wastewater, and WP II, representing the treated effluent. Laboratory analyses were conducted at SGS-WLN, a laboratory accredited by the National Accreditation Committee of Indonesia, using standard methods for BOD and Total Coliform determination. The results showed a consistent decrease in both parameters after STP treatment. In Vessel A, the average BOD decreased from 42.0 to 19.5 mg/L, while Total Coliform decreased from 15,250 to 2,435 MPN/100 mL. In Vessel B, the average BOD decreased from 60.0 to 20.0 mg/L, while Total Coliform decreased from 24,350 to 2,690 MPN/100 mL. The removal efficiency of Total Coliform reached 84.03% in Vessel A and 88.95% in Vessel B. All treated effluent samples complied with the Indonesian domestic wastewater quality standards. Although the Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed no statistically significant difference between pre- and post-treatment values (p = 0.068), the descriptive results indicate that the STPs effectively reduced organic and microbiological pollutant loads. These findings highlight the importance of routine STP monitoring and maintenance to prevent microbiological pollution from passenger vessels in port environments.
Keywords: Biochemical Oxygen Demand; domestic wastewater; pioneer passenger vessel; Sewage Treatment Plant; Total Coliform
Abstrak. Limbah domestik kapal penumpang perintis berpotensi membawa beban organik dan mikrobiologis ke perairan pelabuhan apabila tidak diolah secara memadai. Penelitian ini menganalisis kinerja Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) pada dua kapal penumpang perintis rute R-36 dengan membandingkan kualitas limbah sebelum pengolahan (WP I) dan efluen setelah pengolahan (WP II). Sampel diambil di Pelabuhan Bitung dan Pelabuhan Likupang pada 6-8 Maret 2026. Parameter yang dianalisis adalah Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) dan Total Coliform. Analisis dilakukan di SGS-WLN, laboratorium penguji terakreditasi KAN LP-433-IDN, menggunakan metode SM APHA 24th Ed. 5210 B.2023 untuk BOD dan Total Coliform (IDEXX) berbasis SM APHA 24th Ed. 9223 B.2023. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif-komparatif dan didukung oleh uji Wilcoxon Signed-Rank. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa STP menurunkan kedua parameter pada seluruh sampel. Rata-rata BOD turun dari 42,0 menjadi 19,5 mg/L pada Kapal A dan dari 60,0 menjadi 20,0 mg/L pada Kapal B. Total coliform turun dari 15.250 menjadi 2.435 MPN/100 mL pada Kapal A dan dari 24.350 menjadi 2.690 MPN/100 mL pada Kapal B, dengan efektivitas penurunan masing-masing 84,03% dan 88,95%. Seluruh efluen WP II memenuhi baku mutu Permen LHK No. P.68/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/8/2016. Uji Wilcoxon tidak menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan (p = 0,068), sehingga temuan statistik perlu ditafsirkan dengan mempertimbangkan jumlah sampel yang terbatas. Secara deskriptif, STP pada kedua kapal berfungsi baik dalam menurunkan beban organik dan mikrobiologis, tetapi pemantauan berkala tetap diperlukan untuk menjaga stabilitas mutu efluen.
Kata kunci: BOD; kapal penumpang perintis; Pelabuhan Bitung; Sewage Treatment Plant; Total Coliform
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Copyright (c) 2026 Vennda U. Kalmareuro, Rosita Lintang, Wilmy E. Pelle, Robert A. Bara, Annita C .L. Sinjal, Deiske A. Sumilat, Mercy I. R. Taroreh
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