Konjungtivitis pada Bayi (Oftalmia Neonatorum)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/ecl.v9i1.31708Abstract
Abstract: Conjunctivitis is a disease that can affect every age group including newborns. One of its complications is blindness. The vision of WHO in 2020 is ophthalmia neonatorum as the leading cause of blindness in low income country in African and other third world countries. This study was aimed to obtain an overview of ophthalmia neonatorum in general. This was a literature review study using three database Clinical Key, Pub Med, and Google Scholar, using the key words ophthalmia neonatorum OR neonatal conjunctivitis. The result showed that the most common pathogens were S. aureus, C. trachomatis, and N. gonorrhoeae. Transmission through normal labour had the highest incidence of conjunctivitis in newborns. Internal factors of mothers such as infected by pathogens had a tendency to transmit the infection to the babies meanwhile external factors of mothers were skipping the initial antenatal care (ANC) for screening of pathogens infecting the mothers supported by the high prevalence of conjunctivitis in developing countries associated with lower educational and socioeconomic status. In conclusion, ophthalmia neonatorum was affected by the mother conditiom (antenatal infection) and external factors including ANC, developed countries, and low educational and socioeconomic status.
Keywords: conjunctivitis, newborns, ophthalmia neonatorum
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Abstrak: Konjungtivitis merupakan penyakit mata yang dapat menyerang semua kalangan termasuk bayi. Salah satu komplikasi konjungtivitis pada bayi ialah kebutaan. World Health Organization tahun 2020 mencanangkan bahwa oftalmia neonatorum termasuk salah satu penyebab utama terjadinya kebutaan di negara-negara yang berpenghasilan rendah di benua Afrika dan negara lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran umum dari konjungtivitis pada bayi. Jenis penelitian ialah literature review. Pencarian data menggunakan tiga database, yaitu: ClinicalKey, PubMed, dan Google Scholar. Kata kunci yang digunakan yaitu ophthalmia neonatorum OR neonatal conjunctivitis. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa organisme patogen penyebab tersering ialah S. aureus, C. trachomatis, dan N. gonorrhoeae dengan penularan melalui jalan lahir ibu yang terinfeksi. Persalinan pervaginam menunjukkan angka kejadian terjadinya konjungtivitis pada bayi yang tinggi. Faktor internal ibu yang terinfeksi organisme patogen berisiko menularkan infeksi kepada bayinya. Faktor eksternal ibu yang tidak rutin melakukan antenatal care (ANC) akan melewatkan skrining awal adanya organisme yang menginfeksi ibu, didukung juga oleh prevalensi konjungtivitis yang terjadi di negara berkembang dengan status pendidikan dan sosioekonomi yang masih rendah. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah konjungtivitis pada bayi dipengaruhi oleh faktor ibu (infeksi antenatal) dan faktor eksternal termasuk ANC, negara berkembang, serta status pendidikan dan sosioeknomi yang rendah.
Kata kunci: konjungtivitis, bayi, oftalmia neonatorum
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