AKTIVITAS ANTIFOTOOKSIDAN DAN KOMPOSISI FENOLIK DARI DAUN CENGKEH (Eugenia aromatic L.)

Meiske Lumingkewas, Jeanette Manarisip, Fetty Indriaty, Amelia Walangitan, Judith Mandei, Edi Suryanto

Abstract


The objectives of the present research were evaluated effect of solvent extraction on antiphotooxidative from clove
leave (Eugenia aromatic (L). A certain quantity of powdered sample was extracted with methanol 80%, ethanol 80%
and aseton 80%. After evaporation the extracts were dissolved in methanol and assayed for phenolic, flavonoid and
condensed tannin content. Singlet oxygen quenching and free radical activity of each extracts of spices at 500 ppm
level were evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical. Anti-photooxidative activity test was
conducted using linoleic acid as substrates each containing 5 ppm erythrosine as a photosensitizer. The result
showed that solvent was significantly having effect on total phenolic, flavonoid and condensed tannin content.
Methanol extract possessed highest total flavonoid and condensed tannin content than aseton and etanol. Methanol
extract of clove leave was found to have the highest anti-photooxidative effect, followed by aseton and ethanol. In
addition, ekstrak methanol showed any difference in it free radical scavenger effect than that of ethanol and aseton
extracts. This results show that clove methanol extract has the best activity on photooxidation of linoleic acid and
scavenger of free radical DPPH. These results suggest that the methanolic extract of clove leave contains some
compounds having singlet oxygen quenching and free radical scavenging activities on linoleic acid and free radical
DPPH.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh pelarut ekstraksi terhadap aktivitas antifotooksidan dan
komposisi fenolik yang terdapat pada ekstrak daun cengkeh. Serbuk daun cengkeh diekstraksi dengan metanol 80%,
etanol 80% dan aseton 80%. Setelah evaporasi, ekstrak daun cengkeh dilakukan pengujian untuk kandungan fenolik,
flavonoid dan tannin terkondensasi. Aktivitas penstabilan oksigen singlet dan radikal bebas dari ekstrak dievaluasi
dengan menggunakan asam linoleat sebagai substrat yang mengandung 5 ppm eritrosin sebagai fotosensitiser dan
radikal bebas 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pelarut ekstraksi
memiliki efek sangat signifikan terhadap kandungan fenolik, flavonoid dan tannin terkondensasi. Pelarut ekstrak
metanol memiliki kandung flavonoid dan tannin terkondensasi paling tinggi daripada aseton dan etanol. Ekstrak
metanol daun cengkeh ditemukan mempunyai efek antifotooksidatif diikuti ekstrak etanol etanol dan aseton. Selain
itu, pelarut methanol juga menunjukkan suatu perbedaan dalam penangkalan radikal bebas DPPH. Berdasarkan
analisis komposisi fenolik dalam daun cengkeh dengan HPLC teridentifikasi senyawa eugenol, asam galat, kuersetin,
rutin dan kaempferol. Hasil ini menyimpulkan bahwa ekstrak metanol daun cengkeh mengandung beberapa
senyawa fenolik yang mempunyai aktivitas sebagai penstabilan oksigen singlet dan penangkalan radikal bebas.


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35799/cp.7.2.2014.7473

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