Identifikasi Ruang Terbuka Biru di Kawasan Pesisir Kota Manado: Studi di Kecamatan Malalayang, Sario dan Wenang

Abstract

Kota Manado sebagai kawasan pesisir menghadapi tekanan pembangunan reklamasi pantai yang menyebabkan perubahan fungsi lahan dan degradasi Ruang Terbuka Biru (RTB) di teluk Manado. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik pemanfaatan RTB darat dan laut di kawasan pesisir Kecamatan Malalayang, Sario, dan Wenang, Kota Manado. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis melalui analisis spasial berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis. Data dikumpulkan melalui survei lapangan, wawancara, dokumentasi, serta pemanfaatan citra satelit Google Earth 2025. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa RTB laut mendominasi wilayah studi dengan luasan sekitar 1.396 hektar, yang dimanfaatkan untuk perikanan tangkap, transportas air, wisata bahari, dan konservasi ekosistem terumbu karang dan padang lamun. Adapun RTB darat seluas 8,48 hektar terdiri dari sungai, kolam , kanal dan badan air buatan yang pemanfaatannya belum optimal. Ketimpangan pemanfaatan RTB darat dan laut ini memerlukan perhatian khusus dari pemerintah dalam penataan kawasan pesisir dengan kebijakan tata ruang yang berkelanjutan.

Manado City, as one of Indonesia’s coastal regions, is experiencing increasing development pressure, particularly through coastal reclamation activities that have resulted in land-use conversion and the degradation of Blue Open Spaces (BOS). This study aims to identify the typologies and analyze the utilization of BOS in the coastal sub-districts of Malalayang, Sario, and Wenang in Manado City. A descriptive-analytical approach was employed using spatial analysis based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Data were collected through field surveys, interviews, visual documentation, and interpretation of 2025 Google Earth satellite imagery. The findings reveal that marine BOS dominates the study area, covering approximately 1,396 hectares, and is primarily utilized for capture fisheries, water-based transportation, marine tourism, and the conservation of ecosystems such as coral reefs and seagrass beds. In contrast, terrestrial BOS covers only 8.48 hectares, consisting of rivers, ponds, canals, and other artificial water bodies, yet remains underutilized. The imbalance in the utilization of marine and terrestrial BOS underscores the urgent need for strengthened, integrated, and sustainable coastal spatial planning policies through ecological zoning approaches to support the ecological, social, and adaptive functions of Manado’s coastal landscape.