Community of Phytoplankton as Aquatic Quality Bioindicator in Teluk Melanau Waters Lemukutan Island West Kalimantan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35800/jip.v11i2.49229Keywords:
Community structure;, phytoplankton;, bioindicator;, Lemukutan Island;Abstract
Lemukutan Island has the potential of natural resources with a high level of diversity, including phytoplankton. Lemukutan Island has been developed as a marine tourism destination and other activities. A way to monitor water conditions is by observing physical, chemical, and biological parameters. This study aimed to determine the community structure of phytoplankton as a water quality bioindicator and analyze the environmental parameters' correlation to the abundance of phytoplankton in Teluk Melanau, Lemukutan Island. Determination of sampling stations using a purposive sampling method. Phytoplankton identification, quantity, biological index, and measurement of environmental parameters were carried out in this study. The results showed that the phytoplankton community consisted of 77 genera and Bacillariophyceae has the highest percentage contribution (90.44%). The most common genera were Cocconeis, Nitzchia, Synedra, and Chaetoceros. The abundance of phytoplankton ranged from 2-1521 ind/L. The biological index showed that Teluk Melanau was in an unpolluted condition. Environmental parameters were still in the optimal range for the growth of phytoplankton. The abundance of phytoplankton is very strongly correlated with salinity, DO, nitrate, and phosphate, strongly correlated with pH and very weakly correlated with brightness, temperature, and current velocity.
Keywords: Community structure, phytoplankton, bioindicator, Lemukutan Island.
Abstrak
Perairan pulau Lemukutan memiliki potensi sumberdaya alam, termasuk fitoplankton. Pada saat ini, pulau Lemukutan telah dikembangkan sebagai destinasi wisata bahari dan berbagai aktivitas lainnya. Aktivitas tersebut dapat memberikan dampak terhadap kualitas perairan. Salah satu cara melakukan monitoring kondisi perairan yaitu dengan cara pengamatan parameter fisika, kimia, dan biologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas fitoplankton sebagai bioindikator kualitas perairan dan menganalisis korelasi parameter lingkungan terhadap kelimpahan fitoplankton di Perairan Teluk Melanau, Pulau Lemukutan. Penentuan stasiun pengamatan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling untuk mewakili rona lingkungan yang ada. Identifikasi fitoplankton, kelimpahan, indeks biologis, dan pengukuran parameter lingkungan dilakukan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan struktur komunitas fitoplankton terdiri dari 77 genera, dimana Bacillariophyceae merupakan komponen dengan persen kontribusi tertinggi (90,44%). Jenis yang paling banyak ditemukan yaitu Cocconeis, Nitzchia, Synedra, dan Chaetoceros. Kelimpahan fitoplankton berkisar antara 2-1521 ind/L. Indeks biologi menunjukkan bahwa perairan Teluk Melanau berada pada kondisi tidak tercemar. Parameter lingkungan masih dalam rentang optimal untuk pertumbuhan fitoplankton. Kelimpahan fitoplankton berkorelasi sangat kuat dengan salinitas, DO, nitrat, dan fosfat, berkorelasi kuat dengan pH dan berkorelasi sangat lemah dengan kecerahan, suhu, dan kecepatan arus.
Kata kunci: struktur komunitas, fitoplankton, bioindikator, pulau Lemukutan.
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