Analysis of the Welfare Level of Fishing Communities Based on Fishing Gear in Bitung City

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the welfare level of fishing communities in Bitung City based on district distribution and the types of fishing gear used. The research was conducted in eight districts of Bitung City, North Sulawesi Province, namely Ranowulu, Matuari, Girian, Madidir, Maesa, Aertembaga, South Lembeh, and North Lembeh, from October 2025 to March 2026. A total of 100 fishermen were selected as respondents using a purposive sampling method. Data were collected through interviews, field observations, and questionnaires, and were analyzed using descriptive analysis, correspondence analysis, and hierarchical cluster analysis (dendrogram). The results showed that the welfare level of fishermen in Bitung City was generally categorized as moderate to high. A total of 53% of respondents were classified as Prosperous Family III Plus (KS III+), 21% as Prosperous Family III (KS III), 19% as Prosperous Family II (KS II), and 7% as Prosperous Family I (KS I), while no respondents were categorized as Pre-Prosperous Families. Based on district distribution, Aertembaga District had the highest proportion of KS III+ households and exhibited welfare characteristics distinct from other districts. In terms of fishing gear, pancing noru and purse seine were the most widely used fishing gears and contributed the largest number of fishermen in the KS III+ category. Correspondence analysis revealed an association between fishermen’s welfare levels, district distribution, and fishing gear types. Hierarchical cluster analysis identified Aertembaga as a separate cluster, while pancing noru formed a distinct cluster from other fishing gears. The findings indicate that fishermen’s welfare is influenced by a combination of regional factors, fishing gear characteristics, and the socio-economic conditions of fishing households.

Keywords: fishermen’s welfare, fishing gear, correspondence analysis, dendrogram, Bitung City

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat nelayan di Kota Bitung berdasarkan sebaran wilayah kecamatan dan jenis alat tangkap yang digunakan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di delapan kecamatan di Kota Bitung, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara, yaitu Ranowulu, Matuari, Girian, Madidir, Maesa, Aertembaga, Lembeh Selatan, dan Lembeh Utara pada periode Oktober 2025–Maret 2026. Sampel penelitian terdiri atas 100 nelayan yang dipilih secara purposif. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi lapangan, dan kuesioner, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif, analisis korespondensi, dan analisis klaster hirarki (dendrogram). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kesejahteraan nelayan di Kota Bitung secara umum berada pada kategori menengah hingga tinggi. Sebanyak 53% responden termasuk dalam kategori Keluarga Sejahtera III Plus (KS III+), 21% Keluarga Sejahtera III, 19% Keluarga Sejahtera II, dan 7% Keluarga Sejahtera I, tanpa ditemukan keluarga Pra Sejahtera. Berdasarkan wilayah, Kecamatan Aertembaga memiliki proporsi KS III+ tertinggi dan menunjukkan karakteristik kesejahteraan yang berbeda dibandingkan kecamatan lainnya. Berdasarkan jenis alat tangkap, pancing noru dan pukat cincin merupakan alat tangkap yang paling banyak digunakan serta memberikan kontribusi terbesar terhadap jumlah nelayan pada kategori KS III+. Hasil analisis korespondensi menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara tingkat kesejahteraan dengan wilayah kecamatan dan jenis alat tangkap. Analisis dendrogram mengelompokkan Aertembaga sebagai klaster tersendiri, sedangkan pada jenis alat tangkap, pancing noru membentuk klaster yang berbeda dari alat tangkap lainnya. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kesejahteraan nelayan dipengaruhi oleh kombinasi faktor wilayah, alat tangkap, dan karakteristik sosial ekonomi rumah tangga nelayan.

Kata kunci: kesejahteraan nelayan, alat tangkap, analisis korespondensi, dendrogram, Kota Bitung