Chemical Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol and n-Hexane Extract of Pangi Leaves (Pangium edule Reinw. ex Blume)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35799/jis.v26i1.63487Keywords:
Antioxidants, GCMS analysis, FTIR analysis, pangi leavesAbstract
Pangi leaves (Pangium edule Reinw. ex Blume) are a type of plant that is often consumed by the people of North Sulawesi. This study aims to determine the total phenolic content, chemical characterization using GC-MS and FTIR, and antioxidant activity of pangi leaves using solvents that have different polarities. Total phenolics were measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH method. The total phenolic content showed that the ethanol extract had a content of 17.94 μg/mL and the n-hexane extract was 12.94 μg/mL. The ethanol extract (IC50 = 656.39 μg/mL) had better antioxidant activity than the n-hexane extract (IC50 = 1991.76 μg/mL). Based on the GCMS results, 19 compounds were obtained from the ethanol extract and 16 compounds from the n-hexane extract. The FTIR results of the ethanol extract and n-hexane extract have functional groups -OH, aliphatic C-H, C=C (alkene or aromatic), C=O, and C-O.
Keywords: Antioxidants; GCMS analysis; FTIR analysis; pangi leaves; DPPH
References
Al-rubaye, A.F., Hameed, I.H., & Kadhim, M.J. (2017). A Review : Uses of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Technique for Analysis of Bioactive Natural Compounds of Some Plants. International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research, 9(1), 81–85. https://doi.org/10.25258/ijtpr.v9i01.9042
Alim, N., Hasan, T., Rusman, R., Jasmiadi, J., & Zulfitri, Z. (2022). Phytochemical Screening, Relationship of Total Phenolic with Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol and Methanol Extracts of Kesambi (Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken) Bark. Jurnal Ilmiah Sains, 22(2), 118. https://doi.org/10.35799/jis.v22i2.40091
Aprilia, V., Kirana, S., Bhima, L., & Ismail, A. (2018). Pengaruh Pemberian Butylated Hydroxytoluene ( 2 , 6-Di- Tert-Butyl-4-Methylphenol ) Per Oral Dosis Bertingkat. Jurnal Kedokteran Diponerogo, 7(2), 1154–1165.
Artati, A., Widarti, W., Ali Hasan, Z., & Askar, M. (2024). Aktivitas Antioksidan Dari Tiga Fraksi Pelarut Ekstrak Daun Dandang Gendis (EDDG). Jurnal Media Analis Kesehatan, 15(2), 132–139. https://doi.org/10.32382/jmak.v15i2.1159
Aryanti, R., Perdana, F., & Syamsudin, R.A.M.R. (2021). Telaah Metode Pengujian Aktivitas Antioksidan pada Teh Hijau (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). Jurnal Surya Medika, 7(1), 15–24. https://doi.org/10.33084/jsm.v7i1.2024
Bangol, E., Momuat, L. I., & Abidjulu, J. (2014). Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol dan n-Heksana dari Daun Rumput Santa Maria (Artemisia vulgaris L.) pada Minyak Ikan. Jurnal Ilmiah Sains, 14(2), 129-135. https://doi.org/10.35799/jis.14.2.2014.6118
Handrianto, P., & Wardani, R.K. (2019). Pengaruh Lama Maserasi Ekstrak Etanol JamurLingzhi (Ganoderma Lucidum) Terhadap KadarFlavanoid Total. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknologi Dan Sains (SNasTekS), September, 409–414.
Hasim, H., Arifin, Y.Y., Andrianto, D., & Faridah, D.N. (2019). Ekstrak Etanol Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi) sebagai Antioksidan dan Antiinflamasi. Jurnal Aplikasi Teknologi Pangan, 8(3), 86-93. https://doi.org/10.17728/jatp.4201
Huliselan, Y.M., Runtuwene, M.R.J., & Wewengkang, D.S. (2015). Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol, etil asetat, dan n-heksan dari daun sesewanua (Clerodendron squamatum Vahl.). Pharmacon, 4(3), 155–163.
Kamu, V. S., Runtuwene, M.R.J., Merentek, J., Koleangan, H.S.J., & Kumaunang, M. (2025). Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Cytotoxic, and Anticancer Potential of Belulang Grass (Eleusine indica). Jurnal Ilmiah Sains, 25(April), 13–22. https://doi.org/10.35799/jis.v25i1.58431
Katja, D.G. (2020). Fitokimia dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Kulit Batang Chisocheton sp. (C.DC) Harms (Meliaceae). Chemistry Progress, 13(2), 117–122. https://doi.org/10.35799/cp.13.2.2020.31672
La, E.O.J., Sawiji, R.T., & Yuliani, N.M.R. (2021). Identifikasi Kandungan Metabolit Sekunder dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak n-Heksana Kulit Jeruk Bali (Citrus maxima Merr.). Jurnal Surya Medika, 6(2), 185–200. https://doi.org/ 10.33084/jsm.v6i2.2136
Maharani, A.I., Riskierdi, F., Febriani, I., Kurnia, K.A., Rahman, N.A., Ilahi, N.F., & Farma, S.A. (2021). Peran Antioksidan Alami Berbahan Dasar Pangan Lokal Dalam Mencegah Efek Radikal Bebas. Inovasi, 390–399.
Manongko, P.S., Sangi, M.S., & Momuat, L.I. (2020). Uji Senyawa Fitokimia dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Tanaman Patah Tulang (Euphorbia tirucalli L.). Jurnal MIPA, 9(2), 64. https://doi.org/10.35799/jmuo.9.2.2020.28725
Moniung, P., Singkoh, M., & Butarbutar, R. (2022). Potensi Alga Halymenia durvillei Sebagai Sumber Antioksidan Alami. Jurnal Bios Logos, 12(1), 39-45. https://doi.org/10.35799/jbl.v12i1.36721
Pontoan, J. (2016). Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Tabir Surya dari Ekstrak Daun Alpukat (Persea americana M.). Indonesia Natural Research Pharmaceutical Journal, 1(1), 55–66.
Prasetyaningsih, N., Hartanti, M.D., & Bella, I. (2022). Radikal Bebas Sebagai Faktor Risiko Penyakit Katarak Terkait Umur. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Karya Ilmiah Lembaga Penelitian Universitas Trisakti, 8(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.25105/pdk.v8i1.15160
Riwanti, D. (2021). Antoixidant Activity of 96% Ethanol Extract Sargassum polycystum with DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) Method Using Spectrophotometric UV-VIS. Jurnal Farmasi Dan Kesehatan Indonesia, 1(2), 33–39. https://doi.org/10.61179/jfki.v1i2.231
Rustaman, R., Janitra, R.S., Azzahra, A.F., Maulana, F.A., Rohmatulloh, F. G., Destiarani, W., Hardianto, A., Yusuf, M., & Maksum, I. P. (2023). Studi Potensi Senyawa Antioksidan dari Kulit Jeruk Nipis (Citrus Aurantifolia) secara in Silico. Chimica et Natura Acta, 11(3), 136–142. https://doi.org/10.24198/cna.v11.n3.49717
Sari, A.N., Kusdianti, K., & Diningrat, D.S. (2018). The Potency of Natural Antioxidant in The Rind Extract of Jamblang (Syzigium cumini (L.) Skeels) using DPPH Method). Jurnal Bios Logos, 8(1), 21-25. https://doi.org/10.35799/jbl.8.1.2018.20593
Sinaga, J.C.E., Bisma, H., Katja, D.G., Momuat, L.I., & Runtuwene, M.R.J. (2025). Aktivitas Antikanker Sel Murine Leukemia P-388 dan Analisis ADMET Senyawa Bioaktif Ekstrak Metanol Kayu Lawang : Studi In Silico. Jurnal Ilmiah Sains, 25(1), 82-98. https://doi.org/10.35799/jis.v25i1.59759
Sineke, F.U., Suryanto, E., & Sudewi, S. (2016). Penentuan Kandungan Fenolik dan Sun Protection Factor (SPF) dari Ekstrak Beberapa Tongkol Jagung (Zea mays L.). Pharmacon, 5(1), 275–283.
Subamia, I.D.P., Widiasih, N.N., Sri Wahyuni, I.G.A.N., & Pratami Kristiyanti, P.L. (2023). Optimasi Kinerja Alat Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Melaui Studi Perbandingan Komposisi dan Ketebalan Sampel-KBr. Jurnal Pengelolaan Laboratorium Pendidikan, 5(2), 58–69. https://doi.org/10.14710/jplp.5.2.58-69
Triyanti, S.B., Lestari, F.P., Fitriana, P.A.N., Rostiana, H.R., Silalahi, D.D., Syalsabina, T. D., Putri, R.Y., & Saputra, I.S. (2025). Pengaruh Metode Ekstraksi Maserasi, Sonikasi, dan Sokletasi Terhadap Nilai Rendemen Sampel Kulit Buah Naga (Hylocereus polyrhizus). Jurnal Sains Dan Edukasi Sains, 8(1), 71–78. https://doi.org/10.24246/juses.v8i1p71-78
Yusnawan, E., & Utomo, J.S. (2017). Mikroanalisis Kandungan Senyawa Fenolik Total Ekstrak Biji Kedelai dengan Reagen Folin-Ciocalteu. Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan, 1(1), 73. https://doi.org/10.21082/jpptp.v1n1.2017.p73-81
Zhang, Q.W., Lin, L.G., & Ye, W.C. (2018). Techniques for extraction and isolation of natural products: A comprehensive review. Chinese Medicine (United Kingdom), 13(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-018-0177-x
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Jonathan Cavin Ezra Sinaga, Hartanto Bisma, Josua Tampara, Herdian Saputra, Max Revolta John Runtuwene, Vanda Selvana Kamu, Dewa Gede Katja, Lidya Irma Momuat

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
LICENCE: CC-BY-NC
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License





