THE ROLE OF JOB EMBEDDEDNESS AND NURSE SELF LEADERSHIP IN IMPROVING RETENTION THROUGH IMPORTANCE-PERFORMANCE MAP ANALYSIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35794/jmbi.v12i3.63642Abstract
Abstract
This study analyses the role of job embeddedness and nurse self-leadership in improving retention in private hospitals, using Importance–Performance Map Analysis (IPMA) to identify strategic priorities. A cross-sectional survey of 138 skilled nurses from two accredited private hospitals was conducted. Data from validated questionnaires were analysed using PLS-SEM with IPMA extension. Job embeddedness significantly enhanced self-leadership and directly increased intention to stay. IPMA identified incentive adequacy, perceived sacrifice of leaving, self-development opportunities, and interpersonal relationships as high-importance but underperforming factors. High-performing strengths such as skill utilization were also noted. Hospitals should enhance incentives, career pathways, recognition, and team cohesion to strengthen both economic and emotional embeddedness. Integrating job embeddedness and self-leadership within the IPMA framework provides actionable, evidence-based insights for improving nurse retention in competitive healthcare settings.
Keywords: Importance-Performance Map Analysis, Job Embeddedness, Nurse Self-Leadership, Retention, PLS-SEM
References
Amelia, E. S., Lusine, P., Jianfang, L., Kueakomoldej, S., Ani, B., Rosa, W., & Grant, R. M. (2022). The Association between Health Professional Shortage Area (HPSA) Status, Work Environment, and Nurse Practitioner Burnout and Job Dissatisfaction. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 33, 1016-1998. https://doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2022.0077
Ann‐Christin, K., Gunningberg, L., Josefin, B., & Pöder, U. (2019). Registered nurses' perspectives of work satisfaction, patient safety, and intention to stay - a double-edged sword. Journal of nursing management. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12816
Antonio, F., Andy, A., & Moksidy, J. C. (2024). The Association of Nurse Burnout with Patient Satisfaction from Nurse Perspective Mediated by Nurse Job Satisfaction and Caring Behavior. Nurse Media Journal of Nursing, 14(1), 40-52. https://doi.org/10.14710/nmjn.v14i1.54040
Daniel, S. T., Annette, S., Profit, J., Shanafelt, T., Trockel, M., Adair, K., Sexton, J., & Ioannidis, J. (2019). Evidence Relating Health Care Provider Burnout and Quality of Care. Annals of Internal Medicine, 171, 555-567. https://doi.org/10.7326/M19-1152
Efendi, F., Aurizki, G. E., Auwalin, I., & Kurniati, A. (2022). The paradox of surplus and shortage: A policy analysis of nursing labor markets in Indonesia. Journal of …. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S354400
Fackler, C. (2019). Retaining Older Hospital Nurses: Experienced Hospital Nurses' Perceptions of New Roles. Journal of nursing management. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12814
Goldsby, E., Goldsby, M., Neck, C. B., & Neck, C. P. (2020). Under pressure: Time management, self-leadership, and the nurse manager. Administrative Sciences. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3387/10/3/38
Goldsby, E. A., Goldsby, M. G., & Neck, C. P. (2020). Self-leadership strategies for nurse managers. Nursing Management. https://journals.lww.com/nursingmanagement/FullText/2020/03000/Self_leadership_strategies_for_nurse_managers.7.aspx
Hayes, B., Douglas, C., & Bonner, A. (2015). Work environment, job satisfaction, stress and burnout among haemodialysis nurses. Journal of nursing …. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12184
Joseph, F. H., Sarstedt, M., Torsten, M. P., & Ringle, C. (2012). The Use of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling in Strategic Management Research: A Review of Past Practices and Recommendations for Future Applications. Long Range Planning, 45, 320-340. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LRP.2012.09.008
Mitchell, T., Brooks, H., Lee, T. W., Chris, J. S., & Erez, M. (2001). WHY PEOPLE STAY: USING JOB EMBEDDEDNESS TO PREDICT VOLUNTARY TURNOVER. Academy of Management Journal, 44, 1102-1121. https://doi.org/10.5465/3069391
Radford, K., & Shacklock, K. (2015). Personal care workers in Australian aged care: Retention and turnover intentions. Journal of nursing …. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12172
Reitz, O. E. (2010). Job Embeddedness and nurse retention (Vol. 34). https://doi.org/10.1097/NAQ.0b013e3181e702b7
RI, K. K. (2023). PROFIL KESEHATAN INDONESIA TAHUN 2022 (S. Farida Sibuea, MSc.PH, Ed.). Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Sameh, E., Maiko, N. W., Ayumi, I., Yumiko, S., & Yamamoto-Mitani, N. (2018). Factors related to intention to stay in the current workplace among long-term care nurses: A nationwide survey. International journal of nursing studies, 80, 118-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.01.008
Shi-Nae, K., & Park, H. (2020). Effects of Nurses' Positive Psychological Capital, Self-Leadership, and Relational Bonds on Organizational Commitment. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration. https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2020.26.3.241
Son, S. Y., & Choi, J. S. (2015). Effect of job embeddedness and job satisfaction on turnover intention in nurses. Korean Journal of Adult Nursing. https://synapse.koreamed.org/articles/1076315
Sulistyanto, H., & Bernarto, I. (2024). Pengaruh E-Recruitment, Employer Brand, Company’s Reputation Dan Work Life Balance Terhadap Applying For Jobs: E-Recruitment, Employer Brand, Company’ S Reputation, Work Life Balance, Applying For Jobs. JMBI UNSRAT (Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Bisnis Dan Inovasi Universitas Sam Ratulangi)., 11(2), 1312–1327. https://doi.org/10.35794/jmbi.v11i1.56101
Tulung, J.E. (2017). Resource Availability and Firm’s International Strategy as Key Determinants of Entry Mode Choice. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen-Journal of Applied Management 15.1. http://jurnaljam.ub.ac.id/index.php/jam/article/view/916
WHO. (2022). State of the World's Nursing 2022: Investing in education, jobs, and leadership. In: World Health Organization.
Willoughby, M., Boxall, P., Matthew, P., & Gordon, W. C. (2018). Factors predicting Registered Nurses’ intentions to leave their organization and profession: A job demands‐resources framework. Journal of advanced nursing, 74, 864. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13497
Xiang, Z., Zhen, W., Dandan, L., Ruiying, J., Meijie, W., Chaoran, C., & Guangli, L. (2021). Nurses' voice behavior: the influence of humble leadership, affective commitment, and job embeddedness in China. Journal of nursing management. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13306
Xiaoyu, L., Yaqing, Z., Dexiu, Y., Fule, W., & Yuanyuan, Z. (2020). Nurses' intention to stay: The impact of perceived organizational support, job control and job satisfaction. Journal of advanced nursing. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14305
