Potensi Peptida Bioaktif dari Hasil Samping Perikanan sebagai Antihipertensi dan Antioksidan– Review
Potential of Bioactive Peptides from Fish By-Product as Antihypertensive and Antioxidant – A Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35800/mthp.12.1.2024.52202Abstract
Catching and fishery processing produces a variety of by-products that can affect the economy and cause environmental problems. Fish by-products such as heads, skin, bones, fins, innards, blood, and scales can reach more than 55-70%. Fish by-products have the potential to be processed into value-added products. Fish by-products can be a source of additional compounds because they are rich in protein, peptides and amino acids. Fish protein hydrolyzate is obtained from hydrolyzed fish by-products and then produces peptides and amino acids with a mixture of small protein molecules. The hydrolysis process releases the active site on the peptide previously encrypted in the native structure of the protein and produces a biomolecule called Bioactive Peptide (BP). This review aims to explain fish by-products as a source of peptides, the methods used to obtain BP from fish by-products, and the mechanisms of their biological activity as antihypertensive and antioxidant peptides.
Keywords: Amino acids, enzymatic hydrolysis, fish protein, protein hydrolysate
Penangkapan dan pengolahan hasil perikanan menghasilkan beragam hasil samping yang dapat mempengaruhi perekonomian serta menimbulkan masalah terhadap lingkungan. Hasil samping perikanan seperti kepala, kulit, tulang, sirip, jeroan, darah, dan sisik dapat mencapai lebih dari 55-70%. Hasil samping perikanan memiliki potensi untuk diolah menjadi produk yang bermanfaat. Produk hasil samping perikanan dapat menjadi sumber senyawa tambahan karena kaya akan kandungan protein, peptida, dan asam amino. Hidrolisat protein ikan diperoleh dari hasil samping perikanan yang dihidrolisis dan selanjutnya menghasilkan peptida dan asam amino dengan campuran dari potongan-potongan protein berukuran kecil. Proses hidrolisis membuka sisi aktif pada peptida yang sebelumnya terenskripsi didalam struktur primer protein dan menghasilkan biomolekul yang disebut Peptida Bioaktif (PB). Review ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan mengenai hasil samping perikanan sebagai sumber peptida, metode yang digunakan untuk memperoleh PB dari hasil samping perikanan serta mekanisme aktivitas biologisnya sebagai peptida antihipertensi dan antioksidan.
Kata kunci: Asam amino, hidrolisis enzimatik, hidrolisis kimiawi, protein ikan
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