Uji Kandungan Total Fenolik, Flavonoid, Tanin, dan Aktivitas Antioksidan dari Ekstrak dan Fraksi Daun Macleania rupestris

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Macleania rupestris is a plant that has the potential to be used as a medicine. A study was conducted to determine the total phenolic content, flavonoids, tannins, and antioxidant capacity of extracts and fractions of M. rupestris leaves. M. rupestris leaf powder was extracted using maceration with 96% ethanol solvent. The filtrate obtained was evaporated to obtain a concentrated extract. The concentrated extract was fractionated using water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane solvents, and the fractions were then evaporated to obtain water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane fractions. Each extract and fraction was qualitatively tested for secondary metabolite content, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total tannin content, and antioxidant activity. The results showed that the ethanol extract of M rupestris leaves contained alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. The aqueous fraction of M. rupestris leaves contained alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, and saponins. The ethyl acetate fraction of M. rupestris leaves positively contained alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins. The n-hexane fraction of M. rupestris leaves positively contained alkaloids, phenolics, and saponins. The highest total phenolic content was found in the ethyl acetate fraction (90.85 ± 0.90 µg/mL), the highest total flavonoid content was found in the ethyl acetate fraction (51.45 ± 0.66 µg/mL), and the highest total tannin content was found in the ethyl acetate fraction (51,37 ± 1,58 µg/mL). The highest DPPH antioxidant activity was found in the ethyl acetate fraction (63.45 ± 1.45%).

ABSTRAK

Macleania rupestris adalah tumbuhan yang berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai obat. Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui kandungan total fenolik, flavonoid, tanin dan kapasitas antioksidan dari ekstrak dan fraksi daun M. rupestris. Serbuk daun M. rupestris diekstraksi dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Filtrat yang diperoleh dievaporasi, hingga diperoleh ekstrak kental. Ekstrak kental yang diperoleh difraksinasi dengan pelarut air, etil asetat, dan n-heksan kemudian dievaporasi, hingga diperoleh fraksi air, fraksi etil asetat, dan fraksi n-heksan. Masing-masing ekstrak dan fraksi diuji secara kualitatif kandungan metabolit sekunder, kandungan total fenolik, kandungan total flavonoid, kandungan total tanin, dan aktivitas antioksidan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ekstrak etanol daun M. rupestris positif mengandung alkaloid, fenolik, flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin. Fraksi air daun M. rupestris positif mengandung alkaloid, fenolik, flavonoid, dan saponin. Fraksi etil asetat daun M. rupestris positif mengandung alkaloid, fenolik, flavonoid, dan tanin. Fraksi n-heksan daun M. rupestris positif mengandung alkaloid, fenolik, dan saponin. Total fenolik tertinggi terdapat pada fraksi etil asetat (90,85 ± 0,90 µg/mL), total flavonoid tertinggi terdapat pada fraksi etil asetat (51,45 ± 0,66 µg/mL), dan total tanin tertinggi terdapat pada fraksi etil asetat (51,37 ± 1,58 µg/mL). Aktivitas antioksidan DPPH tertinggi terdapat pada fraksi etil asetat (63,45±1,45 %).