Analisis Kandungan Senyawa Bioaktif dan Antimikroba dari Tinta Cumi (Loligo Sp)

Analysis of Bioactive and Antimicrobial Compounds In Squid Ink (Loligo sp.)

Abstract

Squid ink (Loligo sp.) is a fishery byproduct that has the potential to be a source of natural bioactive compounds. Previous qualitative research stated that the three dominant bioactive compounds in squid ink are phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins, but the results of qualitative research and its utilization are still limited. This study aims to identify the content of bioactive compounds and test the antibacterial activity of squid ink extract (Loligo sp.) on Escherichia coli bacteria. The study was conducted experimentally in the laboratory using the maceration method with 70% ethanol solvent at a ratio of 1:5 for 3 × 24 hours. Analysis of bioactive compounds was carried out quantitatively including the determination of total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin content using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The antibacterial activity test was carried out using the disc diffusion method against Escherichia coli with the parameter measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone. The results showed that the squid ink extract had a yield of 2.84%. The total content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins was 21.91 μg/mL, 15.48 μg/mL, and 3.58 μg/mL, respectively. The antibacterial activity of squid ink extract against Escherichia coli was indicated by the formation of an inhibition zone with an average diameter of 7.25 mm, which is included in the moderate inhibition category. This antibacterial activity is thought to be related to the presence of bioactive compounds, especially phenolic and flavonoid compounds, which play a role in inhibiting bacterial growth through disruption of cell walls and membrane permeability.

Kata kunci:  squid ink; Loligo sp, antibacterial, bioactive compounds

Tinta cumi (Loligo sp.) merupakan hasil samping perikanan yang berpotensi sebagai sumber senyawa bioaktif alami. Penelitian terdahulu secara kualitatif menyatakan 3 senyawa bioaktif yang dominan pada tinta cumi adalah fenolik, flavonoid dan tanin, namun hasil penelitian secara kualitatif dan pemanfaatannya masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kandungan senyawa bioaktif dan menguji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak tinta cumi (Loligo sp.) pada bakteri Escherichia coli. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental laboratorium menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 70% pada rasio 1:5 selama 3 × 24 jam. Analisis senyawa bioaktif dilakukan secara kuantitatif meliputi penentuan kandungan total fenolik, flavonoid, dan tanin menggunakan spektrofotometer UV–Vis. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakram (disc diffusion) terhadap Escherichia coli dengan parameter pengukuran diameter zona hambat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak tinta cumi memiliki rendemen sebesar 2,84%. Kandungan total senyawa fenolik, flavonoid, dan tanin berturut-turut sebesar 21,91 μg/mL, 15,48 μg/mL, dan 3,58 μg/mL. Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak tinta cumi terhadap Escherichia coli ditunjukkan dengan terbentuknya zona hambat dengan diameter rata-rata sebesar 7,25 mm, yang termasuk dalam kategori daya hambat sedang. Aktivitas antibakteri ini diduga berkaitan dengan keberadaan senyawa bioaktif, khususnya senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid, yang berperan dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri melalui gangguan pada dinding sel dan permeabilitas membran.

Kata kunci:  tinta cumi, Loligo sp, antibakteri, senyawa bioaktif