KAJIAN MUTU IKAN CAKALANG (Katsuwonus pelamis, L.) ASAP DARI TEMPAT PENGASAPAN DESA GIRIAN ATAS YANG DIKEMAS VAKUM DAN NON VAKUM SELAMA PENYIMPANAN DINGIN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35800/mthp.3.2.2015.9219Abstract
Sub sector of fishery is constitute primary mainstay which source of food and nutrition for Indonesian society. Fish is a source of protein also recognized as “function food†which has significant important for health because it contains unsaturated fatty acid chain length (especially those classified as Omega-3 fatty acid), vitamins, as well as macro minerals. One way of processing and preserving fish is by fogging. Fogging is a way of processing or preservation by utilizing a combination of drying treatment and giving the natural chemical compound from the results combustion of natural fuel. One right way to maintain durable power of cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis, L.) is by the vacuum packed fish. The main principles of the vacuum packed is expenditure especially air from the product so that extend the self life. And next modified with the cold storage to obtain good results. This research aims to observe the setback chemical quality of cakalang. Fogging for 0 day, 7 day, and 21st day. Storage temperatures (5°C) at vacuum and non vacuum packed with testing of the quality water content, pH, Total Plate Count (TPC), Total Volatile Base Nitrogen (TVBN), and Organoleptik. The Method Experiment Explorative which reveal facts based on the exciting problems by hypothesis. Parameter used in this research is testing water content, pH, TPC, TVB, and Organoleptik. The results of this research from 5 parameter obtained: The Value of highest water level (53.95%), lowest (20.14%). The Value of highest pH (5.9), lowest (5.8). The Value of highest TVB (43.36mg N/100gr), lowest (21.84mg N/100gr). The Value of highest TPC (TBUD), lowest (<30). The Organoleptic value of flavor (6.3–8.2), appearance (4.3–7.5), aroma (4.3–8.9) and texture (4.9–7.9).
Keyword: Skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis L), Smoke, Study Quality, Chemical, TVB-N, pH, Moisture, TPC, Organoleptik.
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Sub sektor perikanan merupakan andalan utama sumber pangan dan gizi bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Ikan merupakan sumber protein, juga diakui sebagai functional food yang mempunyai arti penting bagi kesehatan karena mengandung asam lemak tak jenuh berantai panjang (terutama yang tergolong asam lemak omega-3), vitamin serta makro dan mikro mineral. Salah Satu cara pengolahan dan pengawetan ikan adalah dengan cara pengasapan. Pengasapan merupakan cara pengolahan atau pengawetan dengan memanfaatkan kombinasi perlakuan pengeringan dan pemberian senyawa kimia alami dari hasil pembakaran bahan bakar alami. Salah satu cara yang tepat untuk mempertahankan daya awet ikan cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis L.) asap yaitu dengan dikemas vakum. Prinsip utama dari pengemasan vakum adalah pengeluaran khususnya 02 dari produk sehingga dapat memperpanjang masa simpan. Selanjutnya dimodifikasi dengan penyimpanan dingin untuk memperoleh hasil yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati kemunduran mutu kimiawi ikan Cakalang asap selama 0 hari, 7 hari, dan 21 hari, penyimpanan pada suhu dingin (±5 ºC ) yang dikemas vakum dan non vakum dengan pengujian mutu meliputi Kadar air, pH, Total Plate Count (TPC), Total Volatile Base Nitrogen (TVB-N), dan Organoleptik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen eksploratif yaitu mengungkapkan fakta-fakta berdasarkan permasalahan yang ada melalui hipotesa. Parameter yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah uji Kadar Air, uji pH, uji TPC, uji TVB-N, dan uji Organoleptik. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dari 5 parameter uji, diperoleh nilai kadar air tertinggi (53,95%), terendah (20,14%); nilai pH tertinggi 5,9, terendah 5,8; nilai TVB tertinggi (45,36mg N/100gr), terendah (21,84mg N/100g); nilai TPC tertinggi (TBUD), terendah (<30); nilai Organoleptik (Rasa) tertinggi (8,2), terendah (6,3); nilai Organoleptik (Kenampakan) tertinggi (7,5), terendah (4,3); Nilai Organoleptik (Bau) tertinggi (8,9), terendah (4,3); nilai Organoleptik (Tekstur) tertinggi (7,9), terendah (4,9).
Kata Kunci: Ikan Cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis L.), asap, Kajian Mutu, TVB-N, pH, Kadar Air,TPC, Organoleptik.
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