EKSTRAKSI KOLAGEN TULANG IKAN CAKALANG (Katsuwonus pelamis) MENJADI GELATIN DENGAN ASAM KLORIDA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35800/mthp.5.3.2017.16846Keywords:
Gelatin, Cakalang, Asam KloridaAbstract
Protein of fish can be divided into 3 main groups i.e. myofibril protein which exist mostly in meat, sarcoplasmic protein present in the blood and stroma protein which can be found in the skin and fish bones. Fish waste can be processed into highly value product such as gelatin. Gelatin is the final product after collagen from the skin or animal bones were hydrolysis. The main resources for making gelatin was the skin or bones of cattle and pigs. The objective of this study was to obtain the gelatin from the skeletal bone of skipjack tuna which were extracted using varied concentration of hydrochloric acid (1, 3, and 5%) . This study used a complete randomized design. The data were analyzed by ANOVA (analysis of variance) using JMP software. The gelatin has a rendemen value varying between 2.5–16,25%, water content 7,75–9,75%, protein level 17,6–48,2% and fat content 0,6–3%. The results showed that the gelatin from the skeletal bone of skipjack tuna can be used as food additives (BTP) due to its high protein value, and can assist the reduction of organic waste from fishery industry due to its economical value.
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Protein ikan dapat dibagi menjadi 3 golongan yaitu protein myofibril yang terdapat pada daging, protein sarkoplasma yang ada pada darah dan protein stroma yang terdapat pada kulit dan tulang ikan (limbah ikan). Limbah ikan dapat diolah menjadi bahan yang memiliki daya jual seperti gelatin. Gelatin merupakan hasil hidrolisis kolagen dari kulit atau tulang hewan. Pada umumnya gelatin diolah dari kulit atau tulang sapi dan babi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gelatin dari tulang ikan cakalang yang diekstrak menggunakan larutan asam klorida(HCI) yang bervariasi (1, 3, dan 5%). Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap. Data yang didapatkan dianalisis dengan uji ANOVA (analysis of variance) dengan bantuan software JMP. . Gelatin yang dihasilkan memiliki nilai rendemen bervariasi antara 2,5–16,25%, kadar air 7,75–9,75%, kadar protein 17,6–48,2% dan kadar lemak 0,6–3%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan potensi tulang ikan cakalang yang diekstraksi menjadi gelatin memiliki nilai protein yang baik sehingga dapat dijadikan bahan tambahan pangan (BTP), dan memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi sehingga dapat membantu proses pengurangan limbah organik industri perikanan
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